Is it economically possible repowering Wind Farms. A general analysis in Spain

Abstract

Abstract--Protecting the environment is becoming a major concern; people are beginning to realise that their living conditions may worsen if they do not rationalise energy use and habits. Environmental pollution and emissions from greenhouse gases caused by fossil fuel use are a threat to sustainable development. With renewable energy sources, no polluting emissions are released into the atmosphere. Therefore, using these sources on a large-scale is a key to reducing emissions and meeting the commitments established by the Kyoto Protocol. At the same time, renewable energy contributes to sustainable development. This study describes economic aspects of the repowering process for the wind farms. This process was the result of a growing demand for renewable energies, facilitated by the great potential of wind energy in the north of Spain. The wind farms studied in this work were set up before 1998 and they have obsolete machinery with low power.

Variational Control Approach to Energy Extraction from a Fluid Flow

“…The only unknown term is E V 2 s , which can be deduced from the dynamic system Equation 3, including the wind speed perturbation Equation (16). This implies the solution V s must be not only function of V, but it should also account for its own fluctuation εV 1 (t), namely:…”

“…and substituting the expansions for both velocities, i.e., Equations (16) and (24), into the Equation of motion (3), still in the case of V(t) > V s (t), the rotor dynamic becomes:…”

“…Applying the decomposition Equation (16) and time averaging, as for the Betz case, the last term E{P OCBM } is obtained:…”

Review of dynamic line rating systems for wind power integration

“…Another aspect to consider is the repowering of wind farms, i.e. the replacement of existing wind turbines by newgeneration wind turbines [15,16]. The replacement of those first generation turbines has several advantages.…”

Repowering a Windfarm — A Techno-Economic Approach

“…Pablo del Rio et al have discussed in 2011 policy instruments and design elements to support repowering and provided qualitative analysis of design options [12]. Castro et al studied the economic feasibility based on a repowering strategy that matched the need for additional generation [13]. These studies are however silent on practical wind farm layout options.…”