Is ‘peak N’ key to understanding the timing of flowering in annual plants?

Guilbaud, Camille S. E.; Dalchau, Neil; Purves, Drew W.; Turnbull, Lindsay A.

doi:10.1111/nph.13095

Cited by 20 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 80 publications

(123 reference statements)

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“…However, Guilbaud et al . () present a model that proposes flowering time cues may also be triggered by growth rate changes, which our results support. In addition, our findings indicate that CVI‐ MPK12 may also contribute to a drought escape strategy (rapid growth and earlier reproduction: Ludlow ; Kooyers ), reflecting patterns observed across Arabidopsis accessions (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Ecological interactions and the fitness effect of water‐use efficiency: Competition and drought alter the impact of natural MPK12 alleles in Arabidopsis

2016

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The presence of substantial genetic variation for water-use efficiency (WUE) suggests that natural selection plays a role in maintaining alleles that affect WUE. Soil water deficit can reduce plant survival, and is likely to impose selection to increase WUE, whereas competition for resources may select for decreased WUE to ensure water acquisition. We tested the fitness consequences of natural allelic variation in a single gene (MPK12) that influences WUE in Arabidopsis, using transgenic lines contrasting in MPK12 alleles, under four treatments; drought/competition, drought/no competition, well-watered/competition, well-watered/no competition. Results revealed an allele × environment interaction: Low WUE plants performed better in competition, resulting from increased resource consumption. Contrastingly, high WUE individuals performed better in no competition, irrespective of water availability, presumably from enhanced water conservation and nitrogen acquisition. Our findings suggest that selection can influence MPK12 evolution, and represents the first assessment of plant fitness resulting from natural allelic variation at a single locus affecting WUE.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Ecological interactions and the fitness effect of water‐use efficiency: Competition and drought alter the impact of natural MPK12 alleles in Arabidopsis

2016

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“…In higher plants, the timing of the transition from the vegetative to the reproductive phase is essential to ensure reproductive success. Flowering is sensitive to physiological parameters and to current environmental conditions, including N availability and the presence of competitors [ 32 ]. Flowering time is controlled by external and internal factors that are integrated in a complex gene regulatory network that ensures the expression of flowering genes, resulting in flower formation [ 33 , 34 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variations in Hormones and Antioxidant Status in Relation to Flowering in Early, Mid, and Late Varieties of Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera) of United Arab Emirates

Cheruth¹,

Kurup²,

Subramaniam

2015

The Scientific World Journal

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The present study was carried out to assess the status of various hormones responsible for the flower induction of Nagal, Lulu, and Khalas date palm varieties in UAE. The nonenzymatic antioxidant compounds and the antioxidant enzymatic activities at preflowering, flowering, and postflowering stages of the date palm varieties were quantified. The ABA and zeatin concentrations were found to be significantly higher during the preflowering stage but gradually decreased during the flowering period and then increased after the flowering stage. Gibberellic acid (GA) concentrations were significantly higher in the early flowering varieties and higher levels of ABA may contribute to the delayed flowering in mid and late varieties. The results on hormone profiling displayed a significant variation between seasons (preflowering, flowering, and postflowering) and also between the three date palms (early, mid, and late flowering varieties). Ascorbic acid (AA) concentration was low at the preflowering stage in the early flowering Nagal (0.694 mg/g dw), which is similar with the late flowering Lulu variety (0.862 mg/g dw). However, Khalas variety showed significantly higher amount of AA content (7.494 mg/g dw) at the preflowering stage when compared to other varieties. In flowering stage, Nagal (0.814 mg/g dw) and Lulu (0.963 mg/g dw) were similar with respect to the production of AA, while the mid flowering variety showed significantly higher amount of AA (9.358 mg/g dw). The Khalas variety produced the highest tocopherol at 4.78 mg/g dw compared to Nagal and Lulu, at 1.997 and 1.908 mg/g dw, respectively, during the preflowering stage. In Nagal variety, the content of reduced glutathione (GSH) at the preflowering stage was 0.507 mg/g dw, which was not significantly different from the flowering and postflowering stages at 0.4 and 0.45 mg/g dw, respectively. The GSH was significantly higher in Khalas compared to Nagal and Lulu varieties, at 1.321 mg/g dw in the preflowering phase followed by 3.347 mg/g dw and 2.349 mg/g dw at the flowering and postflowering phases, respectively. Catalase activity increased with different stages of growth. The lowest catalase activity was observed at the preflowering stage in Khalas (0.116), with similar observations noted during flowering (0.110) and postflowering stage. This study provides an insight into the possible roles of endogenous hormones and antioxidants and in the activities of antioxidant enzymes in the regulation of flower development in date palm varieties.

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“…We propose a new general model of crop growth based on the hypothesis that plants show optimal biomass allocation during vegetative growth and optimal flowering in order to achieve maximum reproductive mass given available resources. This model is based on the single plant model of Guilbaud et al (2014). Plant growth is divided into three stages, starting at sowing date and ending at harvest: germination, vegetative growth and reproductive growth.…”

Section: Model Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Reproductive growth starts at a point where the supply of any of the resources, carbon or nitrogen, reaches a maximum, which we term 'peak resource'. This is the point in time which will result in the maximum final reproductive mass as further increase in vegetative fractions would not result in an overall increase in growth rate and lead to suboptimal growth (see Guilbaud et al (2014) for an in depth discussion of this).…”

Section: Optimal Flowering and Reproductive Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Final response

Smith¹

2017

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Improving international food security under a changing climate and increasing human population will be greatly aided by improving our ability to modify, understand and predict crop growth. What we predominantly have at our disposal are either process based models of crop physiology or statistical analyses of yield datasets, both of which suffer from various sources of error. In the current paper we present a generic process based crop model which we parametrise using a Bayesian model fitting algorithm to three different sources of data-space based vegetation indices, eddy covariance productivity measurements and regional crop yields. We show that the model parametrised without data, based on prior knowledge of the parameters can largely capture the observed behaviour but the data constrained model greatly improves both the model fit and reduces prediction uncertainty. We investigate the extent to which each dataset contributes to the model performance and show that while all data improves on the prior model fit, the satellite based data and crop yield estimates are particularly important for reducing model error and uncertainty. Despite these improvements, we conclude that there are still significant knowledge gaps, in terms of available data for model parametrisation, but our study can help indicate the necessary data collection steps for improvement in our predictions of crop yields and crop responses to environmental changes.

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Is ‘peak N’ key to understanding the timing of flowering in annual plants?

Cited by 20 publications

References 80 publications

Ecological interactions and the fitness effect of water‐use efficiency: Competition and drought alter the impact of natural MPK12 alleles in Arabidopsis

Ecological interactions and the fitness effect of water‐use efficiency: Competition and drought alter the impact of natural MPK12 alleles in Arabidopsis

Variations in Hormones and Antioxidant Status in Relation to Flowering in Early, Mid, and Late Varieties of Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera) of United Arab Emirates

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