Is the pattern of dietary amino acids intake associated with serum lipid profile and blood pressure among individuals with spinal cord injury?

Abstract

Objective: The probable effect of dietary amino acids intake pattern on serum lipid profile and blood pressure (BP) have not yet been described among individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI). Design: Cross-sectional. Setting: Tertiary rehabilitation center. Participants: People with SCI referred to Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center between 2011 and 2014. Outcome measures: Dietary intakes were assessed by recording consumed foods by 24-hour dietary recall interviews using Nutritionist IV 3.5.3 modified for Iranian foods. Partial correlation test with adjustment for age, weight, body mass index, total energy intake, total fat, cholesterol and carbohydrate intake, and injury-related variables was used. Results: Dietary intake of lysine was positively related to levels of fasting plasma glucose (FPG), triglyceride (TG), systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (P < 0.0001, 0.046, 0.002 and 0.009, respectively). There was a positive significant relationship between the intake of cysteine and levels of TG and SBP as well (P : 0.027 and 0.048, respectively). Higher intakes of threonine and leucine had a negative relationship with TG level (P : 0.001 and 0.026, respectively). Furthermore, tyrosine, threonine and leucine were inversely correlated to blood pressure. Total cholesterol level was only related to intake of threonine and leucine (P : 0.004 and 0.012, respectively). FPG was positively associated with intake of all amino acids except for cysteine, glutamic acid, threonine, leucine and histidine. Conclusion: In the present study, the pattern of relationships between dietary intake of amino acids and serum lipid profile and BP has been described among people with SCI.

Dietary amino acids and incidence of hypertension: A principle component analysis approach

“…However, several individual amino acids previously studied, documented contradictory findings on their associations with blood pressure. In the INTERMAP study, dietary phenylalanine, which was mostly supplied from plant sources showed no association with BP 9 , whereas phenylalanine and valine intakes were related to higher BP 8 , 21 similar to our first pattern, which is highly loaded with these amino acids. Tyrosine has been found to be associated with lower BP in cross sectional studies 4 , 7 , although, cohort studies show no association of tyrosine with BP 7 .…”

“…Tyrosine has been found to be associated with lower BP in cross sectional studies 4 , 7 , although, cohort studies show no association of tyrosine with BP 7 . Although arginine as the precursor of NO had lowering effects on BP in trial studies 22 , 23 , conflicting results were reported by epidemiological ones 1 , 6 , 7 , 21 . These discrepancies in individual amino acid studies may be explained by the design, sample size, and different groups in these studies.…”

“…Another possible explanation is the consumption of different protein sources and different amounts of individual amino acid intakes from various sources, e. g. in the INTERMAP and Rotterdam study 7 , 9 , glutamic acid was the most predominant amino acid in the diet similar to ours, whereas in the Norouzi Javidan et al . study, lysine was the predominant dietary amino acid and glutamic acid had low intakes 21 .…”

“…The second pattern which was highly loaded by acidic amino acids and proline showed no significant association with incident hypertension in the current study (Table 4 ). Despite the inconsistency in the glutamic-BP relationship in epidemiologic studies 7 , 9 , 21 , it is expected that glutamic acid have beneficial effects on BP, by contributing to synthesis of glutathione as a potent antioxidant in the body, and being a substrate of arginine, a nitric oxide precursor 9 . However, this pattern was negatively correlated with arginine and histidine that have previously been associated with lower BP 4 , 23 .…”

Dietary Sulfur-Containing Amino Acids Are Associated with Higher Prevalence of Overweight/Obesity in Northern Chinese Adults, an Internet-Based Cross-Sectional Study

“…Lifestyle (including physical exercise and dietary intake) is universally known to play a vital role in the prevention of obesity and reduction of excessive body weight. Numerous studies have proved that there are associations between obesity and dietary amino acid intake in the general population [5, 6]. In our previous study, we found that a higher ratio of dietary branched-chain amino acids intake was inversely associated with the prevalence of overweight/obesity, abdominal obesity, postprandial glucose tolerance, and status of inflammation in young northern Chinese adults [7].…”