Is there an Effect of Serotonin on Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Setiawati, Yunias; Mukono, H.J.; Wahyuhadi, Joni; Warsiki, Endang; Yuniar, Sasanti

doi:10.37506/v11/i1/2020/ijphrd/194103

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Changes in Tryp metabolism have been consistently associated with the pathogenesis of various neuropsychiatric diseases [ 1 , 9 , 10 , 14 , 18 , 19 , 20 ]. Specifically, alterations in 5-HTergic function have been observed in epilepsy and psychiatric conditions such as depression, ADHD, ASD, and OCD [ 19 , 27 , 97 , 98 ]. In contrast, changes in the kynurenine pathway have been established as key players in inflammation-associated disorders, as well as for epilepsy, and neurodegenerative and autoimmune disorders [ 10 , 14 , 20 , 99 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On one hand, most neuropsychiatric disorders with aggravated manifestations in women (e.g., mood disorders) are associated with deficient production of 5-HT [ 25 , 26 ]. On the other hand, neuropsychiatric conditions that affect more males than females (e.g., ASD and ADHD) have excessive production of that neurotransmitter [ 10 , 24 , 27 ]. Sex differences are also seen in neurodegenerative and autoimmune disorders, as the male sex is a significant risk factor for Parkinson’s disease (PD) and motor neuron disease, whilst females are more susceptible to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and multiple sclerosis [ 22 , 28 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sex Differences in Tryptophan Metabolism: A Systematic Review Focused on Neuropsychiatric Disorders

Pais

Martins

Gonçalves

2023

IJMS

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Tryptophan (Tryp) is an essential amino acid and the precursor of several neuroactive compounds within the central nervous system (CNS). Tryp metabolism, the common denominator linking serotonin (5-HT) dysfunctions and neuroinflammation, is involved in several neuropsychiatric conditions, including neurological, neurodevelopmental, neurodegenerative, and psychiatric diseases. Interestingly, most of those conditions occur and progress in a sex-specific manner. Here, we explore the most relevant observations about the influence of biological sex on Tryp metabolism and its possible relation to neuropsychiatric diseases. Consistent evidence suggests that women have a higher susceptibility than men to suffer serotoninergic alterations due to changes in the levels of its precursor Tryp. Indeed, female sex bias in neuropsychiatric diseases is involved in a reduced availability of this amino acid pool and 5-HT synthesis. These changes in Tryp metabolism could lead to sexual dimorphism on the prevalence and severity of some neuropsychiatric disorders. This review identifies gaps in the current state of the art, thus suggesting future research directions. Specifically, there is a need for further research on the impact of diet and sex steroids, both involved in this molecular mechanism as they have been poorly addressed for this topic.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex Differences in Tryptophan Metabolism: A Systematic Review Focused on Neuropsychiatric Disorders

Pais

Martins

Gonçalves

2023

IJMS

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“…This disorder represents a serious problem for children, parents, and teachers, as children have difficulties in performing daily activities at home and school. In addition, parents have pay more attention to their child, which can even lead them to stop working [42], and at school, a child with ADHD demands more attention from his teachers, significantly affecting their workload [43].…”

Section: Adhdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Robotic Technologies in ADHD Care: Literature Review

et al. 2022

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Robotics has made it possible to change and improve many support processes for vulnerable people in different settings. In recent years, its use has been oriented toward supporting therapeutic interventions of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD), including attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This review of the literature highlights how advances in robotics have evolved in different scenarios of ADHD treatment, its collaboration with other emerging technologies, its results, its limitations, and the research challenges for the future development of robotics in the field of supporting children with ADHD. The authors conducted a literature review based on the location of keywords 'robotics' and several NNDs such as 'ADHD', 'Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)', 'cerebral palsy', and 'dementia' in titles, abstracts, and introduction of scientific articles in the Scopus and Web of Science (WoS) database. The reviewed literature was classified according to the type of therapy supported by the robots, the type of robot and the associated technologies. From this analysis, we can solve the research question: Which types of robots have the potential for specific applications in ADHD treatment? Furthermore, this article shows that despite favorable technical results, robotic technologies that support ADHD therapies require significant improvements in terms of scalability, human-machine interaction, and treatment and processing of acquired information to be applied effectively in real-world therapies. The most significant research challenges are proposed to drive research efforts to develop new approaches to enable robotic assistants to participate in ADHD therapies.

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“…3 Department of Psychiatric, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Airlangga, Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia. 4 Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.…”

Section: Fundingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, it is reported that parents tend to resign from their jobs to provide more attention to their ADHD children. Children with ADHD also need extra help from their teachers at school, but such assistance is not always optimally provided due to the workload of said teachers [ 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematic review of gut microbiota and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

2021

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Background Gut–brain axis (GBA) is a system widely studied nowadays, especially in the neuropsychiatry field. It is postulated to correlate with many psychiatric conditions, one of them being attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). ADHD is a disorder that affects many aspects of life, including but not limited to financial, psychosocial, and cultural aspects. Multiple studies have made a comparison of the gut microbiota between ADHD and healthy controls. Our aims were to review the existing studies analyzing the gut microbiota between human samples in ADHD and healthy individuals. Methods The literature was obtained using Google Scholar, Pubmed, and Science Direct search engine. The keywords used were “ADHD”, “gut microbiota”, “stool”, “gut”, and “microbiota”. The selected studies were all case–control studies, which identify the gut microbiota between ADHD and healthy individuals. Result We found six studies which were eligible for review. The model and methods of each study is different. Forty-nine bacterial taxa were found, yet none of them can explain the precise relationship between ADHD and the gut microbiota. Bifidobacterium was found in higher amount in ADHD patients, but other study stated that the abundance of this genus was lower in ADHD with post-micronutrient treatment. This may suggest that micronutrient can modulate the population of Bifidobacterium and improve the behavior of ADHD patients. Other notable findings include a significantly lower population of Dialister in unmedicated ADHD, which rose after patients were medicated. A smaller amount of Faecalibacterium were also found in ADHD patients. This may explain the pathogenesis of ADHD, as Faecalibacterium is known for its anti-inflammatory products. It is possible the scarcity of this genera could induce overproduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which is in accordance with the high level of pro-inflammatory cytokines found in children with ADHD. Conclusion There were no studies that examined which bacterial taxa correlated most to ADHD. This might occur due to the different model and methods in each study. Further study is needed to identify the correlation between gut microbiota and ADHD.

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Is there an Effect of Serotonin on Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Cited by 8 publications

References 32 publications

Sex Differences in Tryptophan Metabolism: A Systematic Review Focused on Neuropsychiatric Disorders

Sex Differences in Tryptophan Metabolism: A Systematic Review Focused on Neuropsychiatric Disorders

Robotic Technologies in ADHD Care: Literature Review

Systematic review of gut microbiota and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

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