“…In particular, dynamic analysis of beam structures using the IGA approach has been studied in recent years. Several Timoshenko beam formulations have been presented in [13][14][15][16] for planar, and in [17,18] for spatial beam structures. Many types of beam are covered, i.e., straight [13], circular, elliptical, parabolic, and free-form beams [14][15][16], and several material models are involved, i.e., linear elastic, functionally graded materials [16].…”