Isolation and Characterization of an Infectious Replication-Competent Molecular Clone of Ecotropic Porcine Endogenous Retrovirus Class C

Preuß, Thomas G.; Fischer, Nicole; Boller, Klaus; Tönjes, Ralf R.

doi:10.1128/jvi.01140-06

Cited by 28 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…2) to characterize the viral particles. Immunogold electron microscopy was used to study the localization of viral proteins in the virus particle, using specific antiviral immune sera against the transmembrane envelope protein and Gag (107,258,302).…”

Section: Pervsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infection Barriers to Successful Xenotransplantation Focusing on Porcine Endogenous Retroviruses

2012

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SUMMARY Xenotransplantation may be a solution to overcome the shortage of organs for the treatment of patients with organ failure, but it may be associated with the transmission of porcine microorganisms and the development of xenozoonoses. Whereas most microorganisms may be eliminated by pathogen-free breeding of the donor animals, porcine endogenous retroviruses (PERVs) cannot be eliminated, since these are integrated into the genomes of all pigs. Human-tropic PERV-A and -B are present in all pigs and are able to infect human cells. Infection of ecotropic PERV-C is limited to pig cells. PERVs may adapt to host cells by varying the number of LTR-binding transcription factor binding sites. Like all retroviruses, they may induce tumors and/or immunodeficiencies. To date, all experimental, preclinical, and clinical xenotransplantations using pig cells, tissues, and organs have not shown transmission of PERV. Highly sensitive and specific methods have been developed to analyze the PERV status of donor pigs and to monitor recipients for PERV infection. Strategies have been developed to prevent PERV transmission, including selection of PERV-C-negative, low-producer pigs, generation of an effective vaccine, selection of effective antiretrovirals, and generation of animals transgenic for a PERV-specific short hairpin RNA inhibiting PERV expression by RNA interference.

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Section: Pervsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infection Barriers to Successful Xenotransplantation Focusing on Porcine Endogenous Retroviruses

2012

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“…In koalas, sheep and cats and mice, exogenous counterparts of the respective ERVs are circulating in natural populations and are associated with disease (Armezzani et al, 2014;Kozak, 2015;Levy, 2008;Xu et al, 2015). Replication-competent variants of PERV have also been reported (Preuss et al, 2006). In our previous studies we have advanced knowledge of the CrERV-mule deer model Elleder et al, 2012;Kamath et al, 2014;Wittekindt et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Induction and characterization of a replication competent cervid endogenous gammaretrovirus (CrERV) from mule deer cells

et al. 2015

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Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) were acquired during evolution of their host organisms after infection and mendelian inheritance in the germline by their exogenous counterparts. The ERVs can spread in the host genome and in some cases they affect the host phenotype. The cervid endogenous gammaretrovirus (CrERV) is one of only a few well-defined examples of evolutionarily recent invasion of mammalian genome by retroviruses. Thousands of insertionally polymorphic CrERV integration sites have been detected in wild ranging mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) host populations. Here, we describe for the first time induction of replication competent CrERV by cocultivation of deer and human cells. We characterize the physical properties and tropism of the induced virus. The genomic sequence of the induced virus is phylogenetically related to the evolutionarily young endogenous CrERVs described so far. We also describe the level of replication block of CrERV on deer cells and its capacity to establish superinfection interference.

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“…In 2006, a full-length PERV-C clone was obtained by Preuss et al from a library prepared from miniature swine genomic DNA. Despite sharing > 99 % nucleotide identity with the previous two PERV-C cDNA clones, this molecular clone generated infectious virus after transfection into ST-IOWA cells [46]. PERV genomes have been analyzed in a variety of other pig breeds, such as Westran pigs [47], Duroc, Landrace, Large Yorkshire and crossbreed pigs [48], Chinese pigs, including Banna minipig inbreed, WuZhi-Shan pig and Nei Jiang pig [49].…”

Section: Genetics and Evolution Of Perv In The Porcine Germlinementioning

confidence: 99%

Endogenous retroviruses

2008

Cell. Mol. Life Sci.

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Xenotransplantation is defined by the PHS as any procedure that involves the transplantation, implantation or infusion into a human recipient of either (a) live cells, tissues or organs from a nonhuman animal source, or (b) human body fluids, cells, tissues or organs that have had ex vivo contact with live nonhuman animal cells, tissues or organs (Public Health Service Guideline on Infectious Disease Issues in Xenotransplantation). Use of pigs for human xenotransplantation raises concerns about the risks of transfer of infectious agents from the pig cells to xenotransplantation recipients. The observation that the porcine germline harbors genetic loci encoding porcine endogenous retroviruses (PERVs) that are in some cases infectious for human cells has resulted in renewed scientific interest in PERVs. However, in spite of the past 10 years of investigation, the actual risk for PERV infection, replication, and pathogenic outcome in human recipients of xenotransplantation products is still undefined. (Part of a multi-author review).

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Isolation and Characterization of an Infectious Replication-Competent Molecular Clone of Ecotropic Porcine Endogenous Retrovirus Class C

Cited by 28 publications

References 22 publications

Infection Barriers to Successful Xenotransplantation Focusing on Porcine Endogenous Retroviruses

Infection Barriers to Successful Xenotransplantation Focusing on Porcine Endogenous Retroviruses

Induction and characterization of a replication competent cervid endogenous gammaretrovirus (CrERV) from mule deer cells

Endogenous retroviruses

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