Isolation and Functional Identification of an Antiplatelet RGD-Containing Disintegrin from Cerastes cerastes Venom

Harnessing the Natural Toxic Metabolites in COVID-19

“…Snake venoms are a complex combination of proteins and peptides. Venom serine proteases (SVSPs), snake venom metalloproteinases (SVMPs), secreted phospholipases A2 (SV-PLA2s), C-type lectins, and disintegrins are the major groups of snake venom components, while the minor group includes nucleotidases (Ntases), phosphodiesterases (PDEs), cysteinerich secretory proteins, L-amino acid oxidases, Kunitz peptides, three-finger peptides (3FTX), and natriuretic peptides [44][45][46][47][48]. Bradykinin-potentiating peptide 10C (BPP-10C) isolated from Bothrops jararaca can decrease angiotensin II by inhibiting the ACE and increase bradykinin 2-receptor [49][50][51] that both have a role in the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 [52][53][54][55], and it can be considered as an anti-SARS-CoV-2 agent [56].…”

State-of-the-art review - A review on snake venom-derived antithrombotics: Potential therapeutics for COVID-19-associated thrombosis?

“…In addition, the disintegrins TFV-1 (purified from Trimeresurus flavoviridis venom) and Cerastategrin (purified from Cerastes cerastes venom), and disintegrin derivatives Tirofiban (a peptide mimetic from Echis carinatus venom), Eptifibatide (a peptide from the venom of Sistrurus miliarius barbouri ), and Rusvikunins from Daboia russelii venom ( Fig. 4 ) act as integrin αIIbβ3 antagonist and block the platelet-platelet adhesion mediated by binding of fibrinogen to the αIIbβ3 receptor [133] , [134] , [135] , [136] , [137] . Notably, while disintegrins interact with platelet receptors primarily via a conserved RGD motif [138] , the binding of Rusvikunins and their peptides (RusPep and cycRusPep) to the αIIbβ3 receptor was found to be RGD-independent [136] .…”

Bioactive Molecules Derived from Snake Venoms with Therapeutic Potential for the Treatment of Thrombo-Cardiovascular Disorders Associated with COVID-19

“…Diagnosis of both COVID-19 complication; blood pressure disorders (MTα) blood coagulation disorders before and after treatment integrin [202]. Antiplatelet therapy is needed to combat thrombocytopenia and severely complicated thromboembolic disturbances associated with COVID-19 pandemic.…”

“…Antiplatelet therapy is needed to combat thrombocytopenia and severely complicated thromboembolic disturbances associated with COVID-19 pandemic. Disintegrins derived from snake venoms are potential candidates as antithrombotic therapeutics [202]. -Defibrase®/Reptilase® (Batroxobin, approved clinically in the US, but approved for use in other countries): Defibrase® also referred as to Reptilase® (Batroxobin, approved clinically in some countries including USA): This drug is a SVSP derived from two bothroptic venoms (Bothrops atrox and Bothrops moojeni) [192].…”

“…7, Table 3B). The formation of the platelet-platelet bridge is mediated by the binding of fibrinogen to its GPIIb/ IIIa receptor also referred to as αIIbβ3 integrin [202]. It has been considered as a pharmacological target in the therapy of thrombosis diseases, due to the role of this receptor in the platelet aggregation.…”