Isolation of the Medicinal Mushroom Ganoderma resinaceum in Iraq, Morphological, Molecular Identification and Production of Basidiocarps on Novel Media

Abstract

Ganoderma was isolated from an apple tree in the Tikrit region (Iraq), according to phenotypic characters and phylogenetic analyses based on internal transcribed spacer ITS 1 - 5.8S - ITS4 rDNA sequences, this isolate identified as G. resinaceum and registered with accession number MN448375 in the NCBI Database. We described a novel media for artificial cultivation of G. resinaceum, composed of wheat straw as basic substrate amended with premix (paper wastes, poplar sawdust and rice hulls at 1:1:1 (W:W:W) the most suitable medium was wheat straw amended with 20 % of premix, in this medium the highest yield (biological efficiency) of G. resinaceum basidiocarps was recorded. The cultural G. resinaceum characteristics grown in all tested media were also describted.
 HIGHLIGHTS
 
 Isolation and identification of the fungus Ganoderma resinaceum was very important for the purpose of adding this fungus to the mycoflora
 The production of the fruit bodies of Ganoderma resinaceum is one of the important economic factors, as these fruits are the raw source for the production of many medicinal materials
 The components of the nutrient medium that are uniquely mentioned in this study are the main key to the growth of this mushroom and the production of its fruiting bodies
 The production of mushroom Ganoderma resinaceum using agricultural waste, such as wheat straw and paper waste, contributes to the environmental cleaning of these wastes and enters the recycling of resources to produce useful products
 
 GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

Isolation, Phenotypic and Molecular Characterization of the Oyster Mushroom Pleurotus spp. and Evaluation of Its Efficacy in Producing the Antibiotic Pleurotin

“…]10[.cultivated Pleurotus sp. on a mixture of sunflower seed husks with wheat straw at a ratio of 1:1 it was found that the growth of mycelium increased by 13-25% compared to wheat straw only, accordingly, there is a close relationship between the IOP Publishing doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1158/7/072023 11 abundance of fungal growth with the metabolic products, this was also confirmed by previous studies [32,33].…”

Isolation, Identification and Cultivation of Ganoderma spp. and Evaluation of Their Efficiency in Inhibiting Plant Pathogenic Fungi Fusarium oxysporum and Alternaria tenuissima

“…After obtaining the pure mycelium of different Ganoderma spp. isolates, spawn was prepared using sterilized wheat grains, according to [9].…”

“…Three bags for each treatment were incubated in a mushroom production room at 25 ±2°C. All fruit body production conditions were applied as mentioned by [9]. Table 1.…”

“…For biomass and mushroom filtrate production, 5 liquid media were tested to grow the Ganoderma spp. isolated in this study, as well as the strain G. resinaceum 1049 diagnosed and cultured by [9]. The media included (Potato Dexstose broth (PDB), Corn meal broth (CMB), Malt extract broth (MEB), yeast extract peptone dextrose broth (YPDB) and Czapek Dox broth (CDB), these media prepared and sterilized according to [16].…”

“…Many agricultural wastes were also used in the development of Ganoderma spp., including sawdust, tree stems and grass crop residues, which are agricultural wastes with a complex composition of cellulose and lignin, as it was found in a study conducted by [8] to determine the difference in the production of fruit bodies and the biological efficiency of G. lucidum fungus by the influence of different agricultural and industrial wastes rich in lignocellulosic materials such as wheat straw, rice straw, tea planting residues, coffee industry residues, sunflower seed husks, etc., it was found that supplementing the media with olive oil by 1.5% raised the Biological efficiency by 21.7%. In Iraq the fungus G. resinaceum isolated locally and identified phenotypically and molecularly by [9] was cultured for the first time on a unique mixture of culture media that included wheat straw amended with 20 % of premix composed from paper wastes, poplar sawdust and rice hulls, in this culture medium the highest fruit bodies yield ( as biological efficiency) of G. resinaceum was recorded. Several studies showed that the G. lucidum has an anti-pathogenic role [10], showed that the gandermin protein isolated from the fruit bodies of the Ganderma had an antifungal effect against Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium oxysporium, and Physalo sporapiricola.…”