Isotopic distribution of carbon from sewage sludge and eutrophication in the sediments and food web of estuarine ecosystems

Gearing, Patrick J.; Gearing, J. N.; Maughan, James T.; Oviatt, Candace A.

doi:10.1021/es00014a012

Cited by 83 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Two-way ANOVA results comparing biomass accumulation rate, N, C, and P percentages, and δ & Valiela 1998, Martinetto et al 2006, Oczkowski et al 2008. In addition, δ 13 C tends to be higher in eutrophic waters (Gearing et al 1991, Oczkowski et al 2008). The percentage of N and P in thalli of U. lactuca as well as in other macroalgal species increases with the availability of these elements in the environment (Pedersen & Borum 1996, 2008.…”

Section: Links Among Water Quality Internal Nutrient Pools and Macrmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…There is evidence that the δ 13 C in food web components and sediments from eutrophic estuaries are higher than in less productive waters (Gearing et al 1991, Oczkowski et al 2008). This pattern has been related to the uptake of HCO 3 -as a C source by macroalgae in nutrient-rich sea waters (Oczkowski et al 2008).…”

Section: Relative Effects Of Internal Nutrient Pools and Herbivory Onmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Top-down and bottom-up regulation in a high nutrient–high herbivory coastal ecosystem

Martinetto¹,

Teichberg²,

Valiela³

et al. 2011

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Section: Links Among Water Quality Internal Nutrient Pools and Macrmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Relative Effects Of Internal Nutrient Pools and Herbivory Onmentioning

confidence: 99%

Top-down and bottom-up regulation in a high nutrient–high herbivory coastal ecosystem

Martinetto¹,

Teichberg²,

Valiela³

et al. 2011

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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“…He also found no dramatic difference between locations for the benthic animals examined and they appeared similar to the sediments, with δ 15 N of 9.4-11.4‰. The first use of δ 13 C to describe food chains in the bay also showed no difference between sediments in the West and East Passages or with depth in the sediments (Gearing et al 1984(Gearing et al , 1991). An important finding from these studies was that the heavy δ 13 C signature in benthic animals in the bay suggested that they were feeding preferentially on diatoms rather than Concentrations of HCO À 3 , CO 2 , and CO 2À 3 over a pH range of 6-9 at a salinity of 30.…”

mentioning

confidence: 93%

“…During a MERL mesocosm experiment involving the fertilization of lower Narragansett Bay waters with inorganic nutrients (DIN, dissolved inorganic P, and Si), Gearing et al (1991) observed that δ 13 C values of phytoplankton in the most nutrient-enriched mesocosm were an average of 4.3‰ heavier than phytoplankton in control mesocosms receiving no nutrient enrichment (δ 13 C=−17.3‰ compared with −21.6‰, respectively). This isotopic enrichment was also reflected in zooplankton and in all feeding types of the benthos.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution and Trophic Importance of Anthropogenic Nitrogen in Narragansett Bay: An Assessment Using Stable Isotopes

Oczkowski

Nixon

Henry

et al. 2008

Estuaries and Coasts: J CERF

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Narragansett Bay has been heavily influenced by human activities for more than 200 years. In recent decades, it has been one of the more intensively fertilized estuaries in the USA, with most of the anthropogenic nutrient load originating from sewage treatment plants (STP). This will soon change as tertiary treatment upgrades reduce nitrogen (N) loads by about one third or more during the summer. Before these reductions take place, we sought to characterize the sewage N signature in primary (macroalgae) and secondary (the hard clam, Mercenaria mercenaria) producers in the bay using stable isotopes of N (δ 15 N) and carbon (δ 13 C). The δ 15 N signatures of the macroalgae show a clear gradient of approximately 4‰ from north to south, i.e., high to low point source loading. There is also evidence of a west to east gradient of heavy to light values of δ 15 N in the bay consistent with circulation patterns and residual flows. The Providence River Estuary, just north of Narragansett Bay proper, receives 85% of STP inputs to Narragansett Bay, and lower δ 15 N values in macroalgae there reflected preferential uptake of 14 N in this heavily fertilized area. Differences in pH from N stimulated photosynthesis and related shifts in predominance of dissolved C species may control the observed δ 13 C signatures. Unlike the macroalgae, the clams were remarkably uniform in both δ 15 N (13.2±0.54‰ SD) and δ 13 C (−16.76±0.61‰ SD) throughout the bay, and the δ 15 N values were 2-5‰ heavier than in clams collected outside the bay. We suggest that this remarkable uniformity reflects a food source of anthropogenically heavy phytoplankton formed in the upper bay and supported by sewage derived N. We estimate that approximately half of the N in the clams throughout Narragansett Bay may be from anthropogenic sources.

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“…Plant uptake from sources of different isotope composition results in changes to their δ 15 N and δ 13 C values and follows a two component mixing model according to Gearing et al (1991), as shown in Eq. (1):…”

Section: Calculation Of 15 N and 13 C Uptakementioning

confidence: 99%

Allocation and dynamics of C and N within plant–soil system of ash and beech

Sommer

Dippold

Flessa

et al. 2016

J. Plant Nutr. Soil Sci.

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Forest management requires a profound understanding of how tree species affect C and N cycles in ecosystems. The large C and N stocks in forest soils complicate research on the effects of tree species on C and N pools. In-situ 13 C and 15 N labeling in undisturbed, natural forests enable not only tracing of C and N fluxes, but also reveal insight into the interactions at the plant-soilatmosphere interface. In-situ dual 13 C and 15 N pulse labeling of 20 beeches (Fagus sylvatica L.) and 20 ashes (Fraxinus excelsior L.) allowed tracing the fate of assimilated C and N in trees and soils in an unmanaged forest system in the Hainich National Park (Germany). Leaf, stem, root, and soil samples as well as microbial biomass were analyzed to quantify the allocation of 13 C and 15 N for 60 d after labeling and along spatial gradients in the soil with increasing distance from the stem. For trees of similar heights ( 4 m), beech (20%) assimilated twice as much as ash (9%) of the applied 13 CO 2 , but beech and ash incorporated similar 15 N amounts (45%) into leaves. The photosynthates were transported belowground through the phloem more rapidly in beech than in ash. Ash preferentially accumulated 15 N and 13 C in the roots. In contrast, beech released more of this initially assimilated 13 C (2.0% relative 13 C allocation) and 15 N (0.1% relative 15 N allocation) via rhizodeposition into the soil than ash (0.2% relative 13 C, 0.04% relative 15 N allocation), which was also subsequently recovered in microbial biomass. These results on C and N partitioning contribute to an improved understanding of the effects of European beech and ash on the C and N cycles in deciduous broad-leaved forest. Differences in C and N allocation patterns between ash and beech are one mechanism of niche differentiation in forests containing both species.

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Isotopic distribution of carbon from sewage sludge and eutrophication in the sediments and food web of estuarine ecosystems

Cited by 83 publications

References 15 publications

Top-down and bottom-up regulation in a high nutrient–high herbivory coastal ecosystem

Top-down and bottom-up regulation in a high nutrient–high herbivory coastal ecosystem

Distribution and Trophic Importance of Anthropogenic Nitrogen in Narragansett Bay: An Assessment Using Stable Isotopes

Allocation and dynamics of C and N within plant–soil system of ash and beech

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