“…In such cases, there is no guarantee that the users connection to the RAT can be maintained.In[13], Atanasovski et al studied the problem of convergence of wireless access networks and reported on an architecture for resource management in Het-Nets (called RIWCoS). This architecture relies on the concept of Media Independent Handover Function (MIHF) user, a key component of the IEEE 802.21 framework.Although the RIWCoS framework is shown by simulations to be promising in handling emergency situations such as disaster management, its applicability re-quires that both terminal and network side resource management modules be implemented, under various assumptions and prerequisites.In[14], Suleiman et al investigated the joint radio resource management problem in HetNets and proposed a solution that considers the features of component access technologies such as the occupancy level in individual access networks, load balancing, nature of individual access networks, variability of network resources according to traffic conditions, asymmetry of access networks overlap, to name a few. A prototype implementation of their framework is presented and validated.…”