It’s a Bird! It’s a Plane! It’s a Gender Stereotype!: Longitudinal Associations Between Superhero Viewing and Gender Stereotyped Play

Pretty as a Princess: Longitudinal Effects of Engagement With Disney Princesses on Gender Stereotypes, Body Esteem, and Prosocial Behavior in Children

“…Other research, however, shows that active mediation is related to greater body image disturbance (Nathanson & Botta, ). In addition, past research has also demonstrated that active mediation with preschoolers, who have limited cognitive abilities, may have a minimal or negative impact on media effects (Coyne et al., ; Wilson & Cantor, ). Accordingly, we will assess whether parental mediation practices moderate any associations between Disney Princess engagement and outcomes.…”

“…Research has found that boys can learn gender stereotypes from watching female heroines in the media and vice versa. For example, Coyne et al (2014) found that viewing superhero programs was longitudinally associated with engagement in some forms of male gender-stereotypical play (i.e., playing with weapons) for girls, even though viewing superhero programs was rare among girls. Accordingly, boys who frequently view Disney Princess programs may engage in less traditionally masculine gender-stereotypical play, relative to other boys, particularly if they identify with the leading female characters (Bussey & Bandura, 1999).…”

“…Notably, female stereotypes in the media influence both female and male attitudes about gender, though effects are much stronger for girls than boys (Bussey & Bandura, 1999). Additionally, exposure to gender-stereotypical media can alter children's perceptions of the gender appropriateness of toys (Pike & Jennings, 2005) and is associated with more gender-typed play among preschoolers (Coyne, Linder, Rasmussen, Nelson, & Collier, 2014).…”

Portrayal of women and men in the Spanish press

“…Studies carried out in Spain have found evidence that such monitoring is associated with lower life satisfaction and greater psychological distress Ibáñez, 2014, 2015). Therefore, the stereotyped media representation of women and men and the underrepresentation of women, based on evidence that such representations are relevant in the maintenance of such stereotypes (Coyne, Linder, Rasmussen, Nelson and Collier, 2014) and that the media use is associated with more traditional beliefs about gender roles (Giaccardi, Ward, Seabrook, Manago and Lippman, 2016), is generating and maintaining gender inequality, as well as perpetuating a set of beliefs and practices that pose a threat to the health and well-being of citizens (see, for example, Matud 2017, for a review of gender differences in health). In this regard, there is an outstanding under-representation of women in sports, which can influence the perception of sports as not a "female" feature and influence the lesser involvement of women in such activities, which is an important effect given that physical activity is associated with better mental and physical health (Brown, Pearson, Braithwaite and Biddle, 2013;Reigal, Videra, Parra and Juárez, 2012;Richard et al, 2015).…”

Fiction or Not?Fifty Shadesis Associated with Health Risks in Adolescent and Young Adult Females

“…Normalization of violence against women in popular fiction D espite known associations between consumption of media containing violence and related risk factors, including television and print media, and aggression tendencies, [1][2][3][4][5] along with theories suggesting that consumption of fictional communication can alter beliefs and attitudes, [6][7][8][9][10][11] no prior study has empirically characterized the association between health risks and reading popular fiction depicting violence against women. Fifty Shades-one of the world's fastest selling fiction series comprising Fifty Shades of Grey, Fifty Shades Darker, and Fifty Shades Freed 12-14 depicts problematic violence against women 15,16 cloaked within the romantic and erotic bondage-discipline-sadism-masochism [17][18][19] relationship involving Christian Grey and Anastasia Steele.…”