ITS‐G5 performance improvement and evaluation for vulnerable road user safety services

Jutila, Mirjami; Scholliers, Johan; Valta, Mikko; Kujanpää, Kaisa

doi:10.1049/iet-its.2016.0025

Cited by 23 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…In their scenarios, the vehicle was parked on the road and the pedestrian walked away from the vehicle. Authors of [9] also evaluated performance of ITS-G5 for VRU safety services in terms of PDR. However, all these studies and measurements were performed with small bandwidth (maximum 20 MHz).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vehicle-to-Pedestrian Channel Characterization: Wideband Measurement Campaign and First Results

Rashdan

Müller

Wang

et al. 2018

12th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP 2018)

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Thousands of fatalities among pedestrians are caused every year by traffic accidents. Vehicle-to-pedestrian (V2P) communication promises to prevent accidents by enabling collision avoidance application. To develop and test a V2P communications system, accurate knowledge of the propagation channel is essential. However, only limited analysis of V2P channel have been reported in the literature. To fill this gap, the German Aerospace Center conducted an extensive channel sounding measurements campaign in a controlled environment. The measurements were performed at 5.2 GHz with a bandwidth of 120 MHz. In parallel to the channel sounding measurements, performance measurements were carried out using ITS-G5 system at 5.9 GHz and with a bandwidth of 10 MHz. This paper describes the setup and the scenarios for the two measurements. First results on channel evaluation in different scenarios as well as path loss models are presented.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vehicle-to-Pedestrian Channel Characterization: Wideband Measurement Campaign and First Results

Rashdan

Müller

Wang

et al. 2018

12th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP 2018)

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“…Some of them have focused on the possibility of using smartphones to establish Person-to-Vehicle communications, and transmit pedestrian's location data (i.e., beacons). The radio technologies considered are Wi-Fi direct [19], Wi-Fi [22], 802.11p [26,28] or cellular [24,25,27,29]. In addition, the new advances in 5G cellular networks, with the arrival of Device-to-Device operations [32], can open new communication alternatives that can be useful for pedestrian protection systems.…”

Section: State Of the Artmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reducing Unnecessary Alerts in Pedestrian Protection Systems Based on P2V Communications

et al. 2019

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There are different proposals in the literature on how to protect pedestrians using warning systems to alert drivers of their presence. They can be based on onboard perception systems or wireless communications. The evaluation of these systems has been focused on testing their ability to detect pedestrians. A problem that has received much less attention is the possibility of generating too many alerts in the warning systems. In this paper, we propose and analyze four different algorithms to take the decision on generating alerts in a warning system that is based on direct wireless communications between vehicles and pedestrians. With the algorithms, we explore different strategies to reduce unnecessary alerts. The feasibility of the implementation of the algorithms was evaluated with a deployment using real equipment, and tests were carried out to verify their behavior in real scenarios. The ability of each algorithm to reduce unnecessary alerts was evaluated with realistic simulations in an urban scenario, using a traffic simulator with vehicular and pedestrian flows. The results show the importance of tackling the problem of driver overload in warning systems, and that it is not straightforward to predict the load of alerts generated by an algorithm in a large-scale deployment, in which there are multiple interactions between vehicles and pedestrians.

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“…The transmitting power of the VRU device affects range: e.g. for a 10 dBm transmitter about 300 m is achieved, for a 0 dBm transmitter 120 m [27]. Objects in the link path have a considerable effect on range, which is decreased by about 50%.…”

Section: Requirements For Vru Its Stationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a result, a VRU with a device transmitting at only 0 dBm, which is entering the road from behind an obstacle or coming from an obstructed side road, will only be perceived by fast moving vehicles (90 km/h) at a Time To Collision of 2.4 s. This is not sufficient for the vehicle to perform a complete stop [27]. Based on the measurements performed by Jutila [27] a minimum transmitting power of 10 dBm is needed to cover time critical scenarios. Latency Critical road safety and pre-crash applications require an estimated 300 ms end-to-end latency time as stated in ETSI TS 101539-1 [23] and ETSI TS 101539-3 [28].…”

Section: Requirements For Vru Its Stationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Integration of vulnerable road users in cooperative ITS systems

Scholliers

Sambeek

Moerman

2017

Eur. Transp. Res. Rev.

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Introduction This paper describes the development of an architecture for the integration of Vulnerable Road Users (VRUs), i.e. pedestrians, cyclists and powered two-wheelers (PTWs) in Cooperative ITS (C-ITS) systems, and the requirements for VRU devices. Methods This paper starts with a literature overview on research related to safety applications using communication between vehicle and VRU, and an analysis of the different use cases for C-ITS for VRUs. An architecture is developed, starting from an architecture of C-ITS systems and incorporating the different alternative configuration for VRUs. Starting from the architecture and the use cases, the requirements for VRU devices are defined. Finally, a roadmap regarding C-ITS applications for VRUs is developed. Results C-ITS technologies allow to communicate with low latency in highly dynamic environments. C-ITS will be integrated in vehicles and can also become available for VRUs, either as an application on a smartphone or as a dedicated device, which can be integrated in the VRU's vehicle. Two levels of use cases can be identified: awareness of the presence of VRUs near potentially dangerous situations, and collision risk warning, based on trajectories of the road users. A roadmap was developed aligned with the roadmap of the automotive industry.Conclusions Awareness related use cases are relatively close to the market, as they do not put stringent requirements to the (localization) sensors at infrastructure or vehicles. For the collision risk warning use case, the technical requirements for VRU devices towards sensor accuracy and calculation capabilities are challenging. Other challenges are power consumption, context sensitivity, channel congestion, privacy and security of messages. Standardisation of the messages exchanged between VRUs and other road users and infrastructure is a key issue.

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ITS‐G5 performance improvement and evaluation for vulnerable road user safety services

Cited by 23 publications

References 17 publications

Vehicle-to-Pedestrian Channel Characterization: Wideband Measurement Campaign and First Results

Vehicle-to-Pedestrian Channel Characterization: Wideband Measurement Campaign and First Results

Reducing Unnecessary Alerts in Pedestrian Protection Systems Based on P2V Communications

Integration of vulnerable road users in cooperative ITS systems

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