Iwawi and Tiwanaku

Isbell, William H.; Burkholder, JoEllen

doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-0639-3_7

Cited by 19 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…In this book, the onset of efficient agriculture, urbanism, and centralized politics Cultural Evolution 213 is placed between A.D. 600 and 700. This brings Kolata's new temporal scale into line with other revisionist chronologies recently proposed (Burkholder, 2002;Isbell, 1994Isbell, , 1995Isbell, , 1998Isbell & Burkholder, 2002;Vranich, 1999Vranich, , 2002, and takes a key step toward a new and more universally acceptable timetable. Significantly, the new chronology shows that the Tiwanaku city, with its art and architecture, is mostly Middle Horizon, not an Early Intermediate Period city as popularly contended (Moseley, 2001).…”

mentioning

confidence: 68%

“…II is its departure from earlier interpretations that, as I have stated elsewhere (Isbell, 1994;Isbell and Burkholder, 2002), seemed improbable and excessive. Early dates for state formation, huge population estimates for the Tiwanaku city, amazingly efficient bureaucratic state administration of agriculture, and towering production figures from raised-field agriculture were repeatedly asserted but not well documented.…”

mentioning

confidence: 79%

“…This approach makes it difficult, if not impossible, to verify the chronology except by dating particular samples with radiometric techniques. Furthermore, Janusek's chronology does not adequately emphasize the impressive ceramic changes characteristic of the ''Tiwanaku Period,'' when half of the vessel shapes and most of the decorations are new (Isbell & Burkholder, 2002).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Cultural Evolution in the Lake Titicaca Basin: Empirical Facts and Theoretical Expectations

Isbell¹

2004

Reviews in Anthropology

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confidence: 68%

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confidence: 79%

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confidence: 99%

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Cultural Evolution in the Lake Titicaca Basin: Empirical Facts and Theoretical Expectations

Isbell¹

2004

Reviews in Anthropology

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“…Por lo mismo, esta situación ha sido interpretada de diferentes maneras, ya sea como resultado de un Estado expansivo o imperio, un centro económico, un movimiento religioso, un lugar simbólico e identitario, una confederación multiétnica, etc. (Albarracín-Jordán 1996;Bennett 1956Bennett [1934 ;Berenguer 1998;Browman 1984;Conklin 1991;Cook 1994;Goldstein 1995-96;Isbell 1983;Isbell y Cook 1987;Janusek 2004Janusek , 2008Kolata 1993;Korpisaari 2006;Menzel 1964;Mujica 1985;Núñez y Dillehay 1995;Ponce 1972;Stanish 2002;Wallace 1980).…”

Section: La Arqueología Del Período Medio Y San Pedro De Atacamaunclassified

San Pedro De Atacama Y La Cuestión Tiwanaku en El Norte De Chile: Impresiones a Partir De Un Clásico Estudio Cerámico Y La Evidencia Bioarqueológica Actual (400-1.000 D.C.)

Santana‐Sagredo

et al. 2016

Chungará (Arica)

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En las últimas décadas los arqueólogos han tendido a examinar la problemática Tiwanaku fuera del núcleo altiplánico, principalmente en términos de acceso a recursos y/o complementariedad ecológica y religiosa, entre un centro y su periferia. Sin embargo, dominados por las ideas de Estados o imperios, estas reconstrucciones adolecen de reduccionismo económico e iconográfico, en perjuicio del entendimiento de los fenómenos políticos andinos. Dentro de esta problemática, retomamos la relación entre Tiwanaku y San Pedro de Atacama a partir de un nuevo estudio de la cerámica negra pulida de los cementerios de Solcor y Coyo, en razón del carácter fundacional que Le Paige y Tarragó le imprimieron a esta alfarería para abordar el impacto altiplánico en la región. Este análisis, en conjunto con la reciente evidencia bioarqueológica obtenida por este equipo y otros, nos permiten repensar este vínculo y avanzar hacia la compresión de una realidad social mucho más dinámica, heterogénea y desigual.Palabras claves: San Pedro de Atacama, Período Medio, cerámica negra pulida, bioarqueología. For many years, archaeologists have examined the Tiwanaku phenomenon outside the Titicaca basin. The research has been mainly focused on economical systems, and religious and ecological complementarity between centers and their periphery in

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“…In the archaeology of the altiplano region of the South American Andes these broader conversations are manifested in debates about the timing, extent and nature of the political expansion of Tiwanaku (Figs 1 and 2) (Albarracín-Jordan 2003;Bandy 2013;Couture 2002;Goldstein 2013;Isbell 2013;Isbell and Burkholder 2002;Janusek 2004aJanusek , 2004bJanusek , 2005Janusek , 2006Janusek , 2008Janusek , 2013aKnobloch 2013;Kolata 1993Kolata , 2003Stanish 2003Stanish , 2013Vranich 2006Vranich , 2009Vranich , 2013Williams 2013). Centred in the southern Lake Titicaca Basin, Tiwanaku was founded sometime during the Late Formative period, perhaps between AD 40 and 120 (Marsh 2012a, 214).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Political mosaics and networks: Tiwanaku expansion into the upper Desaguadero Valley, Bolivia

Smith

Janusek

2014

World Archaeology

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Ongoing debate about the expansion of the Tiwanaku state has centred on the extent to which it exercised direct political control over a continuous territory. Positions in this debate range from those that posit a unified Tiwanaku heartland comprising much of the Lake Titicaca Basin to those that conceptualize Tiwanaku influence as more circumscribed, and perhaps limited to the city itself. We engage this debate by assessing evidence for Tiwanaku expansion into the upper Desaguadero Valley, a region often argued to have been within the core area of Tiwanaku control. We present new evidence from four sites: Khonkho Wankane, Iruhito, Cerro Chijcha and Nazacara. These data suggest that Tiwanaku political influence was selective and focused on developing relationships with riverine communities in order to gain access to caravan circuits. Rather than a core area of continuous control, these processes created a shifting political mosaic rooted in fluid politico-religious webs.

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Iwawi and Tiwanaku

Cited by 19 publications

References 32 publications

Cultural Evolution in the Lake Titicaca Basin: Empirical Facts and Theoretical Expectations

Cultural Evolution in the Lake Titicaca Basin: Empirical Facts and Theoretical Expectations

San Pedro De Atacama Y La Cuestión Tiwanaku en El Norte De Chile: Impresiones a Partir De Un Clásico Estudio Cerámico Y La Evidencia Bioarqueológica Actual (400-1.000 D.C.)

Political mosaics and networks: Tiwanaku expansion into the upper Desaguadero Valley, Bolivia

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