Janus Magnetic‐Plasmonic Nanoparticles for Magnetically Guided and Thermally Activated Cancer Therapy

Abstract

Progress of thermal tumor therapies and their translation into clinical practice are limited by insufficient nanoparticle concentration to release therapeutic heating at the tumor site after systemic administration. Herein, the use of Janus magneto‐plasmonic nanoparticles, made of gold nanostars and iron oxide nanospheres, as efficient therapeutic nanoheaters whose on‐site delivery can be improved by magnetic targeting, is proposed. Single and combined magneto‐ and photo‐thermal heating properties of Janus nanoparticles render them as compelling heating elements, depending on the nanoparticle dose, magnetic lobe size, and milieu conditions. In cancer cells, a much more effective effect is observed for photothermia compared to magnetic hyperthermia, while combination of the two modalities into a magneto‐photothermal treatment results in a synergistic cytotoxic effect in vitro. The high potential of the Janus nanoparticles for magnetic guiding confirms them to be excellent nanostructures for in vivo magnetically enhanced photothermal therapy, leading to efficient tumor growth inhibition.

Biomimetic Magnetite Nanoparticles as Targeted Drug Nanocarriers and Mediators of Hyperthermia in an Experimental Cancer Model

“…These values were similar in the two cases of BMNPs and DOXO-BMNPs ( Figure 6 B,C). This finding is in agreement with reports from other laboratories, which showed that the intravenously injected with synthetic MNPs accumulate from 2× to 8× within the target site when a GMF is applied there [ 72 ]. The presence of BMNPs in the tumors, even at low levels, in the absence of GMF treatment could be due to their passive accumulation related to the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect.…”

“…The presence of BMNPs in the tumors, even at low levels, in the absence of GMF treatment could be due to their passive accumulation related to the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect. Indeed, for subcutaneous tumors with low vascularization, the EPR effect was reported to cause accumulation of about 1–15% of nanoparticles, relative to the injected dose, which was doubled upon apposition of the magnet doubled [ 72 , 73 ].…”

Erythrocyte membrane-camouflaged nanoworms with on-demand antibiotic release for eradicating biofilms using near-infrared irradiation

“…AuAg, NW-G, RBCM-NW-G (0.1 mg/mL, 2 mL) were irradiated under NIR (808 nm, 2 w/cm 2 ) at a distance of 20 cm for 1000 s, and the temperature of samples was recorded. The photothermal conversion efficiency of AuAg, NW, and RBCM-NW-G was calculated according to the method reported by Espinosa et al [ 40 ] ( Fig. S2 , Supporting information).…”

Hybrid magnetic nanoparticles as efficient nanoheaters in biomedical applications

“…In the last years, several studies focused on combining magnetic and plasmonic components in a single HNP, 2,14,22,90,192 which were prepared by a number of different methods, as outlined in Section 2. In a proof of concept, it has been shown that Ag/Fe 3 O 4 nanoowers can act as dual hyperthermia agents demonstrating a synergistic effect that could help to reduce the eld or light intensity.…”

“…[10][11][12] The integration of different magnetic components can improve the heating efficiency through an additional degree of freedom to tune the magnetic anisotropy provided by the interface exchange coupling. 13 In addition, it has been shown that magnetically and optically responsive components can be combined in HNPs, resulting in an enhanced heating power 2,14 and enabling an appropriate multifunctional platform to provide feedback on the local temperature at the NP surroundings. 15,16 There has been a number of good review papers on the properties and biomedical applications of MNPs in the literature.…”