Kajian yuridis tentang merek terkenal dan upaya hukum terhadap pelanggarannya

Abstract

Pengaturan merek secara internasional didasarkan pada Konvensi Paris dan The Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) sedangkan di Indonesia pengaturan mengenai merek mengalami beberapa kali perubahan di mana yang terbaru adalah Undang-Undang Nomor 20 Tahun 2016 tentangMerek dan Indikasi Geografis. Merek dapat dikatakan sebagai merek terkenal jika sudah memenuhi kriteria merek terkenal tetapi di dalam undang-undang merek Indonesia yang terbaru belum menjelaskan secara jelas mengenai kriteria merek terkenal. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan yuridis normatif. Pendekatan ini fokus pada meneliti bahan-bahan kepustakaan seperti peraturan perundangundangan dan sumber lain yang relevan. Penelitian ini meneliti kriteria merek terkenal dengan melakukan perbandingan antara hukum yang ada di Indonesia dengan negara-negara serta meneliti mengenai upaya hukum apa saja yang dapat ditempuh jika terjadi pelanggaran. Hasil dari penelitian ini yaitu ada beberapa kriteria merek terkenal yang dapat diterapkan di Indonesia dari peraturan negaranegara lain untuk memberikan kepastian hukum. Beberapa kriteria tersebut adalah catatan keberhasilan penggunaan merek, merek telah terdaftar di berbagai negara, dan yang belum ada di sistem hukum Indonesia yaitu pendaftaran khusus merek terkenal. Untuk upaya hukum terhadap pelanggaran merek terkenal dapat melalui dalam pengadilan (litigasi) atau dapat melalui luar pengadilan (non litigasi) seperti penyelesaian sengketa melalui arbitrase.

Comparative Analysis of Legal Protection and Criteria of Well-Known Marks (Indonesia, United States, India, China, and Germany)

“…In this provision, a mark is considered a wellknown mark, if it is widely recognized by the general consumer as a designation for a source of goods or services. In determining whether a mark has the required level of recognition, all relevant factors are taken into account by the court, namely the duration, reach and geographic spread of the marks's advertising and publicity, whether advertised or published by the owner or a third party, the amount, volume and geographic extent to which it where the sale of goods or services offered under the brand, as well as the actual level of recognition of the mark (Aldison, K. D. Sunarjo., Djaja, Hendra, 2021).…”

“…The application must be accompanied by relevant documents in accordance with the criteria for a well-known mark and pay a registration fee. With this regulations of well-known marks are not only nicknames but it will have a legitimate legal standing (Aldison, K. D. Sunarjo., Djaja, Hendra, 2021).…”

“…In addition to the legal sources above, research related to well-known marks has also been carried out by many legal experts in Indonesia. Several studies discuss the criteria for a brand to be called a well-known mark, among others, such as the research conducted by Aldison, et al (2021) in their scientific article entitled, "A Juridical Study of Well-Known Marks And Legal Remedies For Infringement" In their research, Aldison, et al, stated that the setting of criteria for well-known brands in Indonesia is still abstract. This can be seen from the limitations given to well-known marks which are only limited to words without anything exact number or nominal what must be achieved to become a well-known mark.…”

“…This can be seen from the limitations given to well-known marks which are only limited to words without anything exact number or nominal what must be achieved to become a well-known mark. Furthermore, according to Aldison (Aldison, K. D. Sunarjo., Djaja, Hendra, 2021), there are several criteria that must be met by a mark in order to be called a well-known mark, namely:…”