Karyomorphology of Turkish species in Centaurea sections Centaurea and Phalolepis (Asteraceae) and implications for taxonomy

Uysal, Tuna; Bozkurt, Meryem; Tuğay, Osman; Ertuğrul, Kuddisi; Sezer, Ela Nur Şimşek; Köse, Yavuz Bülent

doi:10.1080/11263504.2016.1218967

Cited by 10 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…According to the classification of Lima- De-Faria (1980), species within the subgenus Cyanus have small chromosomes with an average length (CL m ) ranging from 0.87 to 1.95 µm (Table 2). These values are lower than those found in subgenus Centaurea taxa (1.61-3.28 µm) based on the study of Uysal et al (2017). Values of total chromosomal length (TCL) range from 9.54 to 39.92 µm.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

“…purpurascens, which is a polyploid species, has the highest TCL value, C. thirkei has the lowest TCL value and it is a diploid species (Table 2). The centromeric index (CI) might be considered to be an important value for distinguishing close relatives (Uysal et al, 2017). The CI values of the taxa are between 41 and 48, and the results are relatively higher than those of previous studies on Centaurea (Benamara-Bellagha et al, 2016;Uysal et al, 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…Dysploidy and polyploidy play an important role in the evolution of the subtribe (Hellwig, 2004). In addition, there is an increasing tendency toward disploidy to be able to adapt to arid habitats (Bigazzi and Selvi, 2003;Uysal et al, 2017). We can also interpret the Table 2.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…axillaris, and C. depressa. Satellites might be sound chromosomal markers, but they do not always provide information for determining interspecific relationships (Uysal et al, 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Karyomorphological features of Turkish Centaurea (subgenus Cyanus, Asteraceae) species and its taxonomic importance

Şirin¹,

Bozkurt²,

Uysal³

et al. 2019

Turk J Bot

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Introduction Cytotaxonomy is a branch of cytogenetics in which karyological features are systematically evaluated for evolutionary purposes (Siljak-Yakovlev and Peruzzi, 2012). Chromosomes, especially plant chromosomes, are useful materials in nearly any type of cytogenetic research (Guerra, 2012). Because the genetic information of an organism is transmitted through its chromosomes, any changes in numbers (e.g., polyploid or diploid) and structures (e.g., inversion, deletion, or translocation) contribute significantly to plant evolution and speciation; however, to interpret the evolutionary history of a group, the number of chromosomes alone is not enough (Weiss-Schneeweiss and Schneeweiss, 2003) and karyomorphology might supply additional information. In some cases, ecological and morphological data might not be sufficient for analyzing the line of descent among the species. In these situations, cytotaxonomic relationships along with molecular data might be more influential in the analyses (Venora et al., 2008). The karyotype reveals phenotypic appearance in terms of number, size, arm ratio, centromere position, and other basic characteristics of chromosomes (Levin, 2002). Centaurea, which belongs to the tribe Cardueae, is a large genus with approximately 250 species (Susanna and Garcia-Jacas, 2007) and the highest rate of endemism, with 112 endemics among the total 181 species in Turkey (Uysal, 2012). Cyanus, a subgenus, is represented by approximately 25 species worldwide (Hellwig, 2004). According to recent definitions of Centaurea (Susanna and Garcia-Jacas, 2007), the following 3 subgenera are included: Acrocentron, Centaurea, and Cyanus. Sister relationships of Cyanus and Centaurea are firmly established, but the connections between these subgenera and Acrocentron are unclear (Susanna and Garcia-Jacas, 2009). Based on current molecular studies, for the aims of our research, Cyanus is considered a subgenus. Taxonomically, Cyanus was first described as a genus by Miller (1754). The group was subsequently reassigned as a section of Centaurea by de Candolle (1838) and this was widely accepted by taxonomists (Bentham, 1873; Boissier, 1875; Wagenitz, 1975). It is now generally accepted that Cyanus is a subgenus (Hilpold et al., 2014) or, rarely, a group (Wagenitz and Hellwig, 1996; Garcia-Jacas et al., 2001) within Centaurea; however, some authors still assert that it is a genus (Greuter, 2003; Bancheva and Greilhuber, 2006). The Cyanus group is distributed across central and southern Europe, North Africa, Anatolia, and the Caucasus, and some species have spread to Iran and Afghanistan (Boršić et al., 2011). The floret colors are blue or purplish blue in this group, with a few exceptions of taxa that are cream or Research Article This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…axillaris, and C. depressa. Satellites might be sound chromosomal markers, but they do not always provide information for determining interspecific relationships (Uysal et al, 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Karyomorphological features of Turkish Centaurea (subgenus Cyanus, Asteraceae) species and its taxonomic importance

Şirin¹,

Bozkurt²,

Uysal³

et al. 2019

Turk J Bot

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“…As a result of these current molecular studies (Hilpold et al, 2014a(Hilpold et al, , 2014b Cyanus was herein considered a subgenus and new species was added to it. Centaurea s. lato was represented by 194 taxa in the Check List of Flora of Turkey (Uysal, 2012) and since then, the number of the taxa has reached 203, with the latest additions (Bona, 2015;Yüzbaşıoğlu et al, 2015;Kültür et al, 2016;Uysal et al, 2016;2017a, 2017bUysal & Hamzaoğlu 2017;Behçet et al, 2017;Armağan and Uysal 2018). Therefore, the endemism of the genus has reached 59%.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Centaureauysalii (Cyanus/Asteraceae), a new species from Turkey

Şirin¹,

Çeçen²,

Bozkurt³

et al. 2019

Turk J Bot

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lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, involucre ovoid or ovoid-subglobose, radiant; appendages decurrent, ciliate, not ending in mucro or mucronulate, laceration absent, with blackish or brownish border, usually ovateoblong or ovate-triangular; florets usually violet or blue, rarely whitish, yellowish, pink, or red; marginal florets with 5-6 lobes, sterile, without staminodes, central flowers hermaphrodite; achenes generally ovoid-oblong, insertion areole hairy, mostly with pappus, pappus scabrose or barbellate-scabrose (Wagenitz, 1975). During our field study, some specimens belonging to subgenus Cyanus were collected and then identified according to Flora of Turkey (Wagenitz, 1975). Some clear morphological differences between the collected specimens and C. bourgaei enabled us to describe them as a new species. 2. Materials and methods The new species material was compared to the herbarium collections of Centaurea in ANK, HUB, GAZI, ISTF, ISTE, and KNYA (acronyms follow Thiers, 2018). The morphology of the specimens was examined under a binocular microscope, and the specimens were compared with closely related species: C. bourgaei, C. pichleri, and C. reuteriana. Moreover, the type specimens of the related species were viewed as digital photographs. The achenes of 2 species were dehydrated in an alcohol series (70%, 80%, 96%, and 100%) for cleaning and coated with gold for viewing under a ZEISS EVO LS-10 model scanning electron microscope (SEM) on high-vacuum mode to observe their surfaces at magnifications of 30×, 1000×, and 2000×. The terminology of the achene characteristics was according to Stearn (1995) and Koul et al. (2000). Mature achenes were selected and germinated for chromosomal analysis. Counting of the chromosomes was conducted during the somatic metaphase using the squash technique. Primer root meristems were used to obtain the metaphase plates. The samples were pretreated with 0.002 M 8-hydroxyquinoline for 8 h at 4 °C and then fixed with Carnoy's solution for 24 h at a low temperature. Prior to dyeing, the material was hydrolyzed with 5N HCl for 30 min at room temperature and stained with 1% acetoneorcein. The preparates were made permanent according to the method of Bowen (1956). At least 5 metaphases were examined and the best image was photographed at Research Article This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

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Comparative morphological, karyological and palynological investigations of three endemicCentaureaL. species (Asteraceae) in Turkey

et al. 2017

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Karyomorphology of Turkish species in Centaurea sections Centaurea and Phalolepis (Asteraceae) and implications for taxonomy

Cited by 10 publications

References 41 publications

Karyomorphological features of Turkish Centaurea (subgenus Cyanus, Asteraceae) species and its taxonomic importance

Karyomorphological features of Turkish Centaurea (subgenus Cyanus, Asteraceae) species and its taxonomic importance

Centaureauysalii (Cyanus/Asteraceae), a new species from Turkey

Comparative morphological, karyological and palynological investigations of three endemicCentaureaL. species (Asteraceae) in Turkey

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