Keanekaragaman Spesies Parasitoid Telur Hama Lepidoptera dan Parasitisasinya pada Beberapa Tanaman di Kabupaten Solok, Sumatera Barat

Abstract

A study was conducted to determine the species diversity of lepidoptera egg parasitoids on several crops in Solok. lepidopteran eggs were collected from rice, corn, tomato, and cabbage. A survey was conducted by using Stratified Purposive Sampling Method. Two districts (Gunung Talang and Lembah Gumanti) were chosen as centre of the target crops. The results showed that five species of egg parasitoids were found parasitizing lepidopteran eggs. The species found on rice were Telenomus sp., Tetrastichus sp., and Trichogramma japonicum parasitizing Scirpophaga incertulas and Hesperiidae with parasitization levels were 29.54; 13.02; and 2.05% respectively. The species found on corn was Trichogrammatoidea spp. parasitizing Helicoverpa armigera with parasitization level was 29.07%. None of parasitoid was found to parasitize eggs of H. armigera on tomato. The egg parasitoid parasitizing Crocidolomia pavonana and Spodoptera litura on cabbage was Trichogramma chilotrae with parasitization level was 1.67%. The most abundance species of lepidopteran egg parasitoids were Telenomus sp.and Trichogrammatoidea sp. The diversity index of egg parasitoids on rice in different sample areas varied from 0.46 to 0.63 based on Simpsons index. It indicated that the species diversity of lepidopteran eggs was relatively low.

The The diversity and abundance of Hymenoptera insects on tidal swamp rice field in Indragiri Hilir District, Indonesia

“…Hymenoptera parasitoids have been widely used as biological agents. For example, several species of the Braconidae family are used as parasitoids to control various pests on crops (Lv et al 2011;Tomanović et al 2013), some species of the Ichneumonidae family as parasitoids in larvae and pupae of Lepidoptera pests in agroecosystems (Mason 2013), several species of the Scionionae family as parasitoids in rice and oil palm plantations (Pebrianti et al 2016) and several species of the Trichogrammatidae family as parasitoids to control pests in agroecosystems (Hidrayani et al 2013;Sangha et al 2018). The finding of our study suggests that the Hymenoptera parasitoid has the potential to become a biological agent in Indragiri Hilir District.…”

“…However, farmers in Indonesia have been very used to using chemical pesticides excessively to control pest populations without regard to natural pest enemies existing in the fields. It is dilemma for the farmers to not rely on insecticides even though their negative impacts are known, for example, the pesticides will also unintentionally eradicating pest's natural enemies (Hidrayani et al 2013).…”

Perbandingan Keanekaragaman Hymenoptera Parasitoid Pada Agroekosistem Kedelai Dengan Aplikasi Dan Tanpa Aplikasi Insektisida

“…Pengaruh jangka panjang dapat terjadi bila pemulihan terhambat karena rendahnya laju invasi ulang atau adanya aplikasi insektisida yang berulang-ulang atau aplikasi insektisida berjadwal. Parasitoid pada umumnya lebih rentan terhadap insektisida disbandingkan inangnya, yang disebabkan oleh ketidakmampuan parasitoid tersebut mendetoksifikasi racun dari insektisida (Hidrayani et al, 2003). Dampak negatif insektisida terhadap parasitoid dapat terjadi melalui inangnya, kontak langsung, menghisap nektar atau pollen bunga yang sudah terkontaminasi (Fernandes et al, 2010).…”

“…Hasil penelitian Herlinda et al (2008) menunjukkan bahwa kemiripan komunitas Arthropoda predator pada sawah tanpa aplikasi insektisida sintetik lebih tinggi dibandingkan komunitas Arthropoda predator pada sawah yang diaplikasi insektisida sintetik. Aplikasi insektisida juga dapat membunuh parasitoid secara langsung pada saat diaplikasikan, atau karena kontak dengan residu pestisida yang terdapat pada daun saat imago betina parasitoid mencari inang (Hidrayani et al, 2003). Hasil yang sama juga pernah dilaporkan oleh Idris et al (2007), Hoks dan Johnson (2003), Menalled et al (2003), dan Stephens et al (2006), yaitu keanekaragaman parasitoid dipengaruhi oleh tipe lanskap pertanian dengan struktur yang kompleks dengan kelimpahan, kekayaan, dan keanekaragaman jenis parasitoid yang lebih tinggi daripada lanskap dengan struktur yang lebih sederhana.…”

“…Serangga parasitoid betina sulit menemukan inang untuk peletakan telur. Insektisida juga dapat membunuh parasitoid secara langsung pada saat diaplikasikan, atau karena kontak dengan residu pestisida yang terdapat pada daun saat imago betina parasitoid mencari inang (Hidrayani et al, 2003).…”