Ketamine psychotherapy for heroin addiction: immediate effects and two-year follow-up

Krupitsky, Evgeny; Burakov, A.M.; Romanova, Tatyana N.; Dunaevsky, I. V.; Strassman, Rick J.; Grinenko, A. Y.

doi:10.1016/s0740-5472(02)00275-1

Cited by 187 publications

(189 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Hence, NMDA-R antagonists have been examined for their efficacy, with some success in treating opiate addiction (Herman et al 1995;Krupitsky et al 2002;Comer and Sullivan 2007). MPEP and related mGluR5 antagonists have been proposed as an alternate therapy, which may be analogous to methadone treatment in that these compounds appear to partially substitute for the primary rewarding effects of opiates (van der Kam et al 2009b;Rutten et al 2011).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glutamate Mechanisms Underlying Opiate Memories

Peters

Vries

2012

Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine

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Correspondence: tj.devries@vumc.nlAs the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain, glutamate plays an undisputable integral role in opiate addiction. This relates, in part, to the fact that addiction is a disorder of learning and memory, and glutamate is required for most types of memory formation. As opiate addiction develops, the addict becomes conditioned to engage in addictive behaviors, and these behaviors can be triggered by opiate-associated cues during abstinence, resulting in relapse. Some medications for opiate addiction exert their therapeutic effects at glutamate receptors, especially the NMDA receptor. Understanding the neural circuits controlling opiate addiction, and the locus of glutamate's actions within these circuits, will help guide the development of targeted pharmacotherapeutics for relapse.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glutamate Mechanisms Underlying Opiate Memories

Peters

Vries

2012

Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine

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“…Notably, all these studies used high ketamine doses and/or models of prolonged abuse, indicating stronger neuroadaptation in that situation than in lowdose antidepressant treatment studies. In contrast, in clinical settings ketamine has been shown to reduce cravings in heroin addicted patients when dispensed in combination with psychotherapy sessions (Krupitsky et al, 2002).…”

Section: F N-methyl-d-aspartate Receptor Antagonistsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of Action and Persistent Neuroplasticity by Drugs of Abuse

Korpi¹,

Hollander²,

Farooq

et al. 2015

Pharmacol Rev

129

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“…As ever, randomised controlled trials (RCTs) are needed to fully understand efficacy and two RCTs investigating ketamine as a treatment for alcohol dependence are currently underway. One RCT has been conducted with heroin addicts, which reported substantially greater abstinence rates following a large, 'psychedelic' dose of ketamine compared to a low, 'non-psychedelic' dose of ketamine (38). No placebo control group was used in this study, however.…”

Section: Ketaminementioning

confidence: 99%

Tripping up addiction: the use of psychedelic drugs in the treatment of problematic drug and alcohol use

Morgan

McAndrew

Stevens

et al. 2017

Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences

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 Psychedelic drugs may have their therapeutic qualities due to anti-depressant effects, stimulating neuroplasticity and long-term psychological changes.3 Abstract Psychedelic drugs have been used as treatments in indigenous cultures for thousands of years. Yet, due to their legal status, there has been limited scientific research into the therapeutic potential of these compounds for psychiatric disorders. In the absence of other effective treatments however, researchers have begun again to systematically investigate such compounds and there is now evidence pointing to the use of psychedelic drugs in the treatment of addiction. In this review we focus on human evidence for the effectiveness of preparations used by indigenous cultures in the Amazon (ayahausca) and Africa (ibogaine) and worldwide (psilocybin), and more recently synthetised drugs such as the serotonergic hallucinogen LSD and the dissociative anaesthetic ketamine. Potential mechanisms explored are anti-depressant effects, changes in neuroplasticity and existential psychological effects of these drugs. [Francis Hartigan, Bill W., Chapter 25, p. 190-197 and p. 170-171, St. Martins Press, 2000,] The founder of alcoholics anonymous, Bill Wilson, is reported to have been treated with lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) to help him stay abstinent from alcohol (1) and he credited it with helpful therapeutic properties. Yet the idea that illicit drugs can be used in the treatment of drug and alcohol addiction sits uncomfortably with many clinicians and researchers. It can appear paradoxical: illicit drugs are allegedly controlled due to their high abuse potential so it seems unethical to give them to people who already have a propensity for problematic alcohol and other drug use. Will they not then become addicted to the very substances that are being used to treat them?Centuries of practise and decades of research suggest that this is not the case. And now with emerging neurobiological understanding of their mechanisms, these compounds are poised to change the future of addiction treatment. Lysergic acid diethylamideLSD was first synthesised in 1938 from ergotamine, a chemical from the ergot fungus.LSD's psychological effects, usually last between 6 and 12 hours and can vary greatly in content across sets and settings (2). Pharmacologically, LSD is a classic serotonergic hallucinogen, with its psychedelic effects attributed to its 5HT-2A receptor agonism (3).In the 1950s and 60s, there was substantial research into LSD being used as a treatment for alcohol dependence (4). In recent years, this interest has been reignited. A number of review papers and one meta-analysis have reviewed studies from the height of LSD research (5-7) . The meta-analysis (6) combined the results of 6 randomised controlled trials, to assess efficacy of LSD as a treatment for alcoholism (536 participants in total).Across the studies included, 59% of active treatment participants vs. 38% of controls showed reliable improvement during the first follow up (1-2 months) and these dif...

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Ketamine psychotherapy for heroin addiction: immediate effects and two-year follow-up

Cited by 187 publications

References 19 publications

Glutamate Mechanisms Underlying Opiate Memories

Glutamate Mechanisms Underlying Opiate Memories

Mechanisms of Action and Persistent Neuroplasticity by Drugs of Abuse

Tripping up addiction: the use of psychedelic drugs in the treatment of problematic drug and alcohol use

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