Kidney distension during IV urography in normal rats and in rats with artificial unilateral renal artery stenosis

Abstract

Acute changes in kidney size during IV urography were studied in normal rats and in rats with artificial unilateral renal artery stenosis. In normal rats, IV bolus injection of sodium iothalamate (400 mg I/ml), 1.5 ml/kg body weight, produced an increase in area of the renal silhouette by an average maximum of 12.7% after 60 seconds. In nine out of ten rats which developed hypertension after left sided renal artery clamping, renal distension was either small or absent on the stenosed side, while the contralateral right kidney showed normal distension during IV urography. Two out of three rats, which remained normotensive after renal arterial clamping, showed normal distension of both kidneys. These results confirm earlier observations in man that the acute changes in size of the kidney during IV urography can be used as an aid in the urographic screening of hypertensive patients for significant renal arterial stenosis. In all rats with arterial clamp and hypertension, the stenosed kidney was smaller than its contralateral mate. An index between the size of the non-stenosed and the stenosed kidneys greater than 1.15 was only seen in these particular rats.

Sensitivity of USPIO‐enhanced R2 imaging to dynamic blood volume changes in the rat kidney

“…The resulting alterations in tubular volume may be a confounding factor in the detection of renal blood volume changes by means of R 2 measurements in the presence of ferumoxytol, which was the original focus of the study. The magnitude of the effect, however, could be species dependent (22, 29).…”

Comparison of kidney weight and volume to selected anatomical parameters in the adult female rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta)

“…Because the rhesus monkey is frequently used in renal studies [l, 11, 18,19,[23][24][25]271, this information would be very useful. Techniques for estimation of kidney weight [lo, 15, 17, 211, area [6,8,[13][14][15][16][17]201, and volume [6,9,10,12,20, 211 using radiographic measurement have been investigated in swine [9], cattle [4, 51, rats [8], dogs [6,10,20, 211, cats [2], and humans [12][13][14][15][16][17]261, but not in rhesus monkeys. Studies in these other species have involved measurement of kidney size by ultrasound [4,5,9,12,201, tomograms [15], pyelograms [13, 211, nephrograms [2, lo], angiograms [lo, 141, and survey radiographs [15][16][17]261.…”