Abstract:Urolithiasis, or kidney stone development, is a complicated process that involves a series of physicochemical phenomena such as supersaturation, nucleation, growth, aggregation, and retention within the kidneys. It is a growing urological health problem that affects roughly 12% of the world's population. Kidney stones come in a variety of sizes, shapes, and colors. The stones must pass through ducts that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder (ureters) and be expelled in order to be removed from the body.… Show more
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