Kindling, Spontaneous Seizures, and the Consequences of Epilepsy: More Than a Model

Sutula, Thomas P.; Ockuly, Jeffrey C.

doi:10.1016/b978-012088554-1/50034-7

Cited by 14 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 96 publications

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“…73 In the present study, the cumulative and progressive development of seizure activity was not observed following pentylenetetrazole injection in the polymicrogyria rats. This paradoxical phenomenon may be associated with the delayed or altered functional maturity of GABAergic inhibition observed during the development of polymicrogyria.…”

Section: Decreased Seizure Threshold In the Polymicrogyria Rats Inducmentioning

confidence: 53%

Increased Expression of GAP43 in Interneurons in a Rat Model of Experimental Polymicrogyria

Takano

Matsui

2014

J Child Neurol

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To investigate seizure susceptibility in polymicrogyria, the seizure threshold and growth-associated protein GAP43 expression were analyzed in a rat experimental model of polymicrogyria induced by intracerebral injection of ibotenate. A total of 72 neonates from 9 pregnant rats were used. Intraperitoneal pentylenetetrazole injection did not induce any seizure activity in the control rats, although it elicited seizures of variable severity in the polymicrogyria rats. Fluoro-Jade B-positive degenerating interneurons were found in the polymicrogyria brains; however, no such neurons were detected in the control brains. In the polymicrogyria rats, the GAP43 expression was significantly and widely distributed in the brain, and the percentage of parvalbumin-positive interneurons in the GAP43-positive cells was significantly higher than that observed in the nonphosphorylated neurofilament-positive pyramidal cells. We conclude that the relatively selective vulnerability of inhibitory interneurons constitutes the basis for the decreased seizure threshold observed in this model of polymicrogyria.

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Section: Decreased Seizure Threshold In the Polymicrogyria Rats Inducmentioning

confidence: 53%

Increased Expression of GAP43 in Interneurons in a Rat Model of Experimental Polymicrogyria

Takano

Matsui

2014

J Child Neurol

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“…As should be believed, the level of endogenous corticosterone significantly increased within this time interval. The action of stressogenic factors also induced changes in the levels of adrenocorticotropin hormone and cortisol, and levels of these hormones depend noticeably on the type of such factors [3,5]. The content of progesterone in the blood also increases under the influence of acute stress.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…This is why we tried to estimate changes in the ECoG and behavioral indices of seizure activity under conditions of induction of acute pain stress in rats subjected to the kindling procedure [4,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Acute Stress on the Development of Seizures in a Kindling Model in Rats

et al. 2009

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We studied the effect of acute stress induced by nociceptive stimulation of the limbs on the duration of ECoG epileptiform activity and manifestation of generalized motor convulsive reactions under conditions of a kindling model of epilepsy in rats. Two and four weeks after termination of the kindling procedure, test stimulations of the hippocampus evoked intense attacks of epileptic activity. Short-lasting pain-inducing stimulation (intense electrical stimulation of the limbs) resulted in noticeable limitation of both ECoG and motor behavioral manifestations of epileptic activity determined by the formation of an epileptogenic nidus. The antiepileptic effect of acute stress was limited in time; manifestations of this effect reached their maximum about 3 h after painful stimulation, while about 6 h after such stimulation they became smoothed to a considerable extent.

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“…This feature indicates that kindling is a form of activity dependent, seizure-induced plasticity, which induces a permanently increased seizure susceptibility [30]. The repetitive nature of stimulation creates progressive functional and structural alterations that include altered synaptic transmission [31], gene expression induction [32], apoptotic neuronal loss [33], neurogenesis [34] and glial proliferation [35].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cortical epileptogenesis of slowly kindled freely moving rats

Orbán-Kis

Száva

Szilágyi

2014

Acta Medica Marisiensis

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Objective. Epilepsy is a neurological disorder that can be caused by many underlying pathologies. The epileptic and interictal manifestations that appear during the progression of chronic epilepsy are still not understood completely. One of the most frequent forms of this disease is temporal lobe epilepsy in which is clear involvement of the hippocampal formation. In order to study the electrografic progression of untreated seizures we used amygdala kindling in freely moving rats. Methods. Seven animals were implanted with bilateral hippocampal and prefrontal electrodes. A bipolar electrode, implanted in the lateral nuclei of the left amygdala was used for stimulation. The kindled group of animals was stimulated daily with the minimum current intensity needed to reach the afterdischarge threshold. Behavioral changes during kindling were scored according to the Racine scale. Results. The average seizure severity on the Racine scale was 2.6±0.4 by day 6 and 4.4±0.6 by day 20. The first spontaneous seizures appeared after 31 days of stimulation. During spontaneous seizures the preictal spike full width at half maximum increased gradually from 51±4msec to 110±5msec (p < 0.05) whereas the amplitude of the negative field potential deflection increased by 62% (p < 0.05). Conclusions. Our study showed that the progression of temporal lobe epilepsy, as seen in humans, can be reproduced in the kindling model with high fidelity. This study confirms in vivo the increase in preictal spike duration as well as the increase of the amplitude of negative field potential deflection during the preictal period.

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Kindling, Spontaneous Seizures, and the Consequences of Epilepsy: More Than a Model

Cited by 14 publications

References 96 publications

Increased Expression of GAP43 in Interneurons in a Rat Model of Experimental Polymicrogyria

Increased Expression of GAP43 in Interneurons in a Rat Model of Experimental Polymicrogyria

Effect of Acute Stress on the Development of Seizures in a Kindling Model in Rats

Cortical epileptogenesis of slowly kindled freely moving rats

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