Kinetic Insights of Proton Exchange Membrane Water Electrolyzer Obtained by Operando Characterization Methods

Abstract

Figure 1. Schematic diagram showing a PEMWE.

Operandocharacterization of continuous flow CO2electrolyzers: current status and future prospects

“…Operando characterization of fuel cell and water electrolyzer devices is already at a more advanced stage. 25,26 Considering their similarity to CO2 electrolyzers, these works can serve as examples and inspiration for the CO2RR community. Previous works on CO2 electrolyzers already nicely demonstrated the potential of operando methods towards the more realistic evaluation of catalyst/electrolyzer performance.…”

“…Operando characterization of fuel cell and water electrolyzer devices is already at a more advanced stage. 25,26 Considering their similarity to CO 2 electrolyzers, these works can serve as examples and inspiration for the CO 2 RR community.…”

On the Operational Conditions’ Effect on the Performance of an Anion Exchange Membrane Water Electrolyzer: Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Study

“…Even when symmetrical electrolyte feeding to both compartments is used, its flow rate needs to be optimized, and its effect on the kinetics and cell resistance needs to be revealed. Currently, “operando” characterization methods are urgently needed to probe the water electrolysis process during operation in real time [ 17 ]. EIS is among the promising approaches, as it allows for the non-invasive “in-situ” measurement of an electrochemical system’s impedance [ 18 ] and has been widely applied in the R&D of Li-ion batteries [ 19 ], fuel cells [ 20 ], and others [ 21 , 22 ].…”

Progress of Heterogeneous Iridium-Based Water Oxidation Catalysts

“…At present, the commercialization of PEM electrolyzers is mainly limited by their low durability and high cost. 11,12 Moreover, the iridium demand is still a bottleneck. The current iridium loading amount of around 2−4 mg/cm 2 must be dramatically reduced to less than 0.5 mg/cm 2 to realize a mature PEM electrolyzer market.…”

“…Among these electrolyzers, alkaline electrolyzers have been commercialized, but acidic PEM-type water electrolyzers possess advantages such as lower ohmic resistance loss, higher current density, faster response, and gas purity. , However, the PEM water electrolyzer requires corrosion-resistant components and has a very limited choice of anodic water oxidation catalysts. At present, the commercialization of PEM electrolyzers is mainly limited by their low durability and high cost. , Moreover, the iridium demand is still a bottleneck. The current iridium loading amount of around 2–4 mg/cm 2 must be dramatically reduced to less than 0.5 mg/cm 2 to realize a mature PEM electrolyzer market …”