Kinetics of Esterification of Acetic Acid and Ethanol with a Homogeneous Acid Catalyst

Beula, C; Sai, P. S. T.

doi:10.1080/00194506.2014.975761

Cited by 11 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…It has been reported that although acetic acid itself may act as a catalyst, its activity for reaction is very low due to its weak acidic nature [16]. Esterification of acetic acid with ethanol in absence of catalyst yields less than 10% even at a higher temperature, which shows that the reaction is very slow and that it needs a catalyst to enhance the rate [17]. Concentrated H 2 SO 4 catalyst is used in the industries for the esterification reactions because it is more efficient and economical than other catalysts [18]; its better catalytic activity has been attributed to its greater density of acid sites per gram [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetics of nopyl acetate synthesis by homogeneously catalyzed esterification of acetic acid with nopol

Hurtado-Burbano

Villa

2018

Rev.Fac.Ing.Univ.Antioquia

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The esterification of nopol with acetic acid to produce nopyl acetate using sulfuric acid as homogeneous catalyst was studied. The reactions were carried out in a batch reactor, at different temperatures (50, 60, 70 and 80°C), catalyst concentrations (0.0184, 0.0275, 0.0367 and 0.0480 molL −1 and molar ratio of acetic acid to nopol (1: 1, 1:2, 1:3 and 1: 4); the chemical equilibrium composition was measured at those reaction conditions. It was found that the equilibrium composition is a weak function of temperature, equilibrium conversion was 63, 68, 71 and 75% at 50, 60, 70 and 80°C, respectively. The reaction was described with a simple power-law model with a second-order kinetic model for both the forward and the backward reaction, using concentration and activities which were predicted by the Universal Functional group Contribution (UNIFAC) method for considering non-ideal behavior of the liquid phase. The forward reaction rate and the equilibrium constants increased with temperature; the relation of the pre-exponential factor with the catalyst amount was evaluated. The activation energy and pre-exponential factor estimated for the forward reaction using the kinetic model based on concentration, were respectively, 28.08 kJmol −1 and 11126 Lmol −1 h −1 with a concentration of catalyst of 0.0275 M. Using the kinetic model based on activities, the forward reaction rate constant was 28.56 kJmol −1 and the k f o,act was 33860 Lmol −1 h −1. The enthalpy (34.90 kJmol −1) and the entropy (0.12 kJmol −1 K −1) of reaction were determined using van't Hoff equation. RESUMEN: Se estudió la esterificación de nopol con ácido acético para producir acetato de nopilo utilizando ácido sulfúrico como catalizador homogéneo. Los experimentos se llevaron a cabo en un reactor por lotes variando la temperatura (50, 60, 70 y 80°C), la concentración del catalizador (0.0184, 0.0275, 0.0367 y 0.0480 molL −1) y la relación molar de ácido acético a nopol (1: 1, 1:2, 1:3 y 1: 4); la composición del equilibrio químico se midió a las condiciones de reacción. La conversión de equilibrio fue 63, 68, 71 y 75% a 50, 60, 70 y 80°C, respectivamente. La reacción se describió con un modelo de potencia simple con un modelo de segundo orden en ambas direcciones, usando concentraciones y actividades, las cuales se predijeron con el método de contribución de grupos UNIFAC. Se determinaron las constantes de velocidad de la reacción directa y la constante de equilibrio, las cuales aumentaron con la temperatura; se evaluó la relación del factor pre-exponencial con la cantidad de catalizador. La energía de activación y el factor pre-exponencial estimados para la reacción hacia adelante usando el modelo basado en concentración fueron respectivamente 18.08 kJmol −1 y 11126 Lmol −1 h −1 con una concentración de catalizador de 0.0275 M. Usando el modelo basado en actividades la constante de velocidad directa fue 28.56 kJmol −1 y el factor pre-exponencial 33860 Lmol −1 h −1. La entalpía (34.90 kJmol −1) y la entropía (0.12 kJmol −1 K −1) de reacción se determinar...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetics of nopyl acetate synthesis by homogeneously catalyzed esterification of acetic acid with nopol

Hurtado-Burbano

Villa

2018

Rev.Fac.Ing.Univ.Antioquia

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“…Kinetic studies were performed at different reaction conditions, and the kinetic model equations (5), (11), and (13) were used to estimate the kinetic parameters by simulating the experimental data using the P‐H model with the second‐order kinetics, E‐R, and LH models 8 . RMSE of the data sets for all the temperatures were minimized using the MS‐Excel solver tool to fit the experimental data into the kinetic model.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A number of workers have focused on the study of the mechanism of homogeneous acid catalyst 1,8,9,10,16 and heterogeneous catalyst, 2,3,4,6,7,12 but it is equally important to pay the attention on enhancing the yield of reaction. Therefore, an attempt has been made to research and develop more efficient catalysts which will generate high yield of ester, under optimum reaction conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, an attempt has been made to research and develop more efficient catalysts which will generate high yield of ester, under optimum reaction conditions. Many researchers proposed different esterification mechanisms for homogeneous and heterogeneous catalyzed reactions 1‐4,6‐10,12,16 . These mechanisms are further developed into various kinetics models causing a behavioral identity to represent the kinetics of respective esterification such as simple order model or the power‐law model, the pseudo‐homogeneous (P‐H) model, the Langmuir‐Hinshelwood (L‐H) model, and the Eley‐Rideal (E‐R) model 1‐4 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Experimental investigation of the reaction kinetics for bimolecular second‐order reaction is the base for simulation and design of a reactor 6 . However, kinetic modeling of heterogeneous and homogeneous reactions was studied by many authors using different techniques like regression analysis using MATLAB, 7 UNIFAC and modified UNIFAC model, ODE solver using MATLAB, and the graphical method for estimation of activity coefficients 8,9,10,11,12 . In this work, kinetic parameters were estimated using the P‐H model assuming the second‐order reaction with and without catalyst loading.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Kinetics of catalyzed esterification of acetic acid with n‐butanol using carbonized agro‐waste

Bhusari

Mazumdar

Rathod

et al. 2020

Int J of Chemical Kinetics

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The objective of this research work was to investigate the kinetics of esterification of acetic acid with n-butanol through the variation of experimental parameters. The reaction mixture was catalyzed heterogeneously by a sulfonated catalyst in batch mode of operation. The catalyst was prepared from abundantly available agro-waste, Cajanus cajan husk by chemical activation process, which produces a carbon-based solid catalyst with high surface area. The catalyst was characterized by a Brunauer-Emmet-Teller surface analyzer and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy to know the surface morphology. Process parameters such as contact time, reaction temperature, and catalyst loading, which can influence the extent of conversion of reactants, were studied. Furthermore, the kinetic investigation was also carried out to estimate the kinetic parameters for uncatalyzed and catalyzed reaction using the second-order pseudohomogeneous (P-H), Eley-Rideal (E-R), and Langmuir-Hinshelwood (LH) kinetic models for this research work. The kinetic parameters such as activation energy, preexponential factor, and the thermodynamic parameters such as enthalpy and entropy were estimated for uncatalyzed and catalyzed reactions using these three models. The process conditions were optimized for catalyzed and uncatalyzed reactions to obtain the maximum product yield by minimizing root mean square error of each experimental data using the MS-excel solver tool. Thus, this study reveals the high potential of an agro-waste, Cajanus cajan husk as raw material for the synthesis of catalyst. The results show that the E-R model is more appropriate for predicting the dynamic data of an esterification reaction, as the forward rate of reaction estimated using the E-R model are more modified than P-H and L-H models. K E Y W O R D Scatalyst, conversion, esterification, heterogeneous, kinetics 450

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Kinetic Study of Homogeneous Catalyzed Esterification of a Series of Aliphatic Acids with Different Alcohols

Sahu

Pandit

2019

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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The kinetic study of esterification of series of aliphatic carboxylic acids (C1–C5) with various alcohols (n-propanol, isopropanol, and n-butanol) have been conducted using sulfuric acid as a catalyst in batch experiments. Effects of variables such as reaction temperature, catalyst loading, and initial mole ratio of reactants were investigated in detail. Temperature dependence reaction rates and activation energies were determined by the Arrhenius plot. Impact and reactivity of the series of linear chain length of carboxylic acids on esterification reactions were investigated in terms of steric and polar effects of the α substituents on the carboxylic group.

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Kinetics of Esterification of Acetic Acid and Ethanol with a Homogeneous Acid Catalyst

Cited by 11 publications

References 8 publications

Kinetics of nopyl acetate synthesis by homogeneously catalyzed esterification of acetic acid with nopol

Kinetics of nopyl acetate synthesis by homogeneously catalyzed esterification of acetic acid with nopol

Kinetics of catalyzed esterification of acetic acid with n‐butanol using carbonized agro‐waste

Kinetic Study of Homogeneous Catalyzed Esterification of a Series of Aliphatic Acids with Different Alcohols

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