Kinetics of the reaction of some pyrophoric metals with oxygen

Gorrie, Thomas M.; Kopf, Peter W.; Toby, Sidney

doi:10.1021/j100871a019

Cited by 30 publications

(18 citation statements)

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“…Initial O3 pressures were usually 0.03 torr, CzH4 pressures were approximately 2.4 torr, 0 2 pressures ranged from 0 to 0.6 torr, and one run was carried out with 1.7 torr of COz. In some runs oxygen in the products was measured by exposing products which were noncondensable at -196°C to pyrophoric lead [5] and measuring the reduction in pressure.…”

Section: Experimental Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The kinetics of the gas‐phase reaction between ozone and alkenes

Toby

O’Neal

1976

Int J of Chemical Kinetics

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The to obrain for the reaction of ozone with allene and with 1,2-butadiene. We now find that this rate law also applies to the reaction of ozone with ethylene and presumably with all lower alkenes. This generalizes the inhibiting effect of oxygen and accounts for the simplified rate law found in the presence of excess oxygen. Oxygen itself is a product of the ozone-ethylene reaction, and we find that as [03]0 increases, the ( 0 2 formed)/(Os used) ratio approaches 1.5. Values of kl, k3/k4, and k3/kS for ethylene are compared with those for allene, 1,3-butadiene, and propene. A generalized mechanism is postulated for the reaction of ozone with alkenes involving a chain sequence that produces oxygen and which accounts for the observed rate law. A specific mechanism is postulated for the reaction of 0 3 with ethylene, and the thermochemistry of the chain sequence is examined in detail.

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Section: Experimental Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The kinetics of the gas‐phase reaction between ozone and alkenes

Toby

O’Neal

1976

Int J of Chemical Kinetics

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“…In powder form, and especially in the presence of moisture, it oxidizes rapidly. When heated in oxygen, it forms iron oxide, Fe 2 O 3 [11]. In the past, some researchers have proposed possible use of iron, aluminum, and magnesium, powder as a fuel in pyrophoric systems [12,13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation on the reaction of iron powder mixture as a portable heat source for thermoelectric power generators

Huang

Tran

Yang

2014

J Therm Anal Calorim

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This paper reports our investigation on the thermal behavior and ignition characteristics of iron powder and mixtures of iron with other materials such as activated carbon and sodium chloride in which iron is the main ingredient used as fuel. Thermal analysis techniques such as differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis were used to characterize the materials and for further understanding of reaction kinetics of the pyrophoric iron mixtures. The experimental results demonstrated that iron micron particles react exothermically to the oxygen in atmosphere and produced iron oxide with ignition temperature of 427.87°C and heat generation of 4,844 J g -1 . However, in this study, the pyrophoric iron mixture acts as a heat source for the thermoelectric power generators, the final mixture composition is determined to compose of iron powder, activated carbon, and sodium chloride with the mass ratio of approximately 5/1/1. The mixture generated two exothermic peaks DSC curves that showed ignition temperature of 431.53 and 554.85°C and with a higher heat generation of 9,366 J g -1 at higher temperature. The effects of test pan materials and heating rate on the ignition were also examined by DSC method.Kinetic data such as the activation energy (E a ), the entropy of activation (DS # ), enthalpy of activation (DH # ), and Gibbs energy of activation (DG # ) on the ignition processes was also derived from the DSC analysis. From the ignition temperature, heat generation, and kinetics test data, the mass ratio of 5/1/1 proved to generate the most amount of heat with high temperatures for the standalone thermoelectric power generators.

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“…In this paper, LIB batteries application, as one of the possible applications of this as-prepared porous carbon materials are considered. 26 Fig. The initial discharge-charge curves at the current density of 100 mA g -1 are presented in Fig.…”

Section: Battery Test Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Producing hierarchical porous carbon monoliths from hydrometallurgical recycling of spent lead acid battery for application in lithium ion batteries

Peng

Zhu

et al. 2015

Green Chem.

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ARTICLE This journal isIn this paper, an environmentally clean process to recycle the paste from a spent lead acid battery (LAB) is further developed in order to produce a porous carbon anode material for a lithium ion battery (LIB) which is currently in increasing focus as the solution for future energy storage and distribution network. Using lead citrate from hydrometallurgical leaching of lead paste as a precursor, electrochemically active carbon materials were produced as a new product with hierarchical open sponge-like porosity. It was found that anode materials made from porous carbon by pyrolysing lead citrate at 500 o C, with high micropore (<2nm) volume (0.0248cm 3 /g) and BET surface area (138.5m 2 /g), showed remarkable reversible capacity values beyond intercalation at both low and high current densities. In particular, at the high current density of 5000 mA g-1 (13.4C, according to the theoretical capacity of 372 mAh g-1), a high discharge capacity of 217mAh g-1 was maintained even after 200 cycles, much superior in comparison with other carbon materials.

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Kinetics of the reaction of some pyrophoric metals with oxygen

Cited by 30 publications

References 0 publications

The kinetics of the gas‐phase reaction between ozone and alkenes

The kinetics of the gas‐phase reaction between ozone and alkenes

Investigation on the reaction of iron powder mixture as a portable heat source for thermoelectric power generators

Producing hierarchical porous carbon monoliths from hydrometallurgical recycling of spent lead acid battery for application in lithium ion batteries

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