Kinetics of uptake and elimination of silicic acid by a human subject: A novel application of 32Si and accelerator mass spectrometry

Popplewell, Jonathan; King, Samantha J.; Day, John; Ackrill, P.; Fifield, L.K.; Cresswell, Richard; Tada, Masayo; Liu, Kexin

doi:10.1016/s0162-0134(97)10016-2

Cited by 139 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…As already described above (Popplewell et al, 1998), following ingestion of a tracer dose of 32 Si labelled ammonium silicate in a healthy male volunteer, uptake was complete within 2 hours. Thirty-six percent of the ingested dose was absorbed and nearly completely excreted in the urine within 48 h. Elimination occurred by two simultaneous first-order processes with half-lives of 2.7 and 11.3 h, representing about 90% and 10%, respectively, of the total output.…”

Section: General Information On the Metabolic Fate Of Siliconsupporting

confidence: 54%

“…Thirty-six percent of the ingested dose was absorbed and nearly completely excreted in the urine within 48 h. Elimination occurred by two simultaneous first-order processes with half-lives of 2.7 and 11.3 h, representing about 90% and 10%, respectively, of the total output. Popplewell et al (1998) suggested that the rapidly eliminated silicon was probably retained in the extracellular fluid volume, while the slower component may have represented intracellular uptake and release. In a study of silicon kinetics by Reffitt et al (1999), silicon peaked in blood after about one hour following an intake of 27-55 mg silicon as orthosilicic acid in water in eight healthy subjects.…”

Section: General Information On the Metabolic Fate Of Siliconmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Choline-stabilised orthosilicic acid added for nutritional purposes to food supplements

2009

EFSA Journal

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SUMMARYFollowing a request from the Commission to the European Food Safety Authority, the Scientific Panel on Food Additives and Nutrient Sources added to Food was asked to provide a scientific opinion on the safety of choline-stabilised orthosilicic acid (ch-OSA) added for nutritional purposes as a source of silicon in food supplements and on the bioavailability of silicon from this source.Choline-stabilised orthosilicic acid is a mixture of orthosilicic acid and choline chloride.The present opinion deals only with the safety of ch-OSA as source of silicon and with the bioavailability of silicon from this source. The safety of silicon itself, in term of amounts that may be consumed and the consideration of silicon as a nutrient are outside the remit of this Panel.1 For citation purposes: Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Food Additives and Nutrient Sources added to Food on choline-stabilised orthosilicic acid added for nutritional purposes to food supplements following a request from the European Commission. The EFSA Journal (2009) 948, 1-23. 2 Editorial changes only -on page 2 the words 'as well as mice' were included. The changes do not affect the overall conclusion of the opinion. To avoid confusion, the original version has been removed from the website. Choline-stabilised orthosilicic acidThe EFSA Journal (2009) 948, 2-23Silicon occurs naturally in foods as silicon dioxide (SiO 2 ) and silicates. High levels of silicon are found in foods derived from plants, particularly cereals. Silicon levels are lower in foods from animal sources.Orthosilicic acid [Si(OH) 4 ] is the major silicon species present in drinking water and other liquids, including beer, and is the most readily available source of silicon to man.The essentiality of silicon for man has not been established and a functional role for silicon in man has not yet been identified.The bioavailability of silicon under the form of orthosilicic acid has been proven for cholinestabilised orthosilicic acid.Acute oral toxicity studies in male and female rats as well as mice have been performed. The calculated mean LD 50 value for ch-OSA exceeds (for both animal species) 5000 mg/kg bw.Concerning the acute oral toxicology of choline, an LD 50 value of 6640 mg/kg bw as choline chloride was found.Subchronic toxicity studies on ch-OSA were conducted both in animals (rodents and mammals) and humans (supplementation studies). No adverse effects were observed.The proposed dosage of ch-OSA in food supplements is 5 to 10 mg silicon/day (equivalent to 0.083-0.17 mg silicon/kg bw/day for a 60 kg person). The equivalent intake of choline amounts to 101-203 mg choline/day for the ch-OSA liquid, and to 117-234 mg choline/day for the ch-OSA pellets. This results in an intake of 135-272 mg choline chloride/day for ch-OSA liquid and of 157-314 mg choline chloride/day for ch-OSA pellets.The European Food Safety Authority estimated the typical dietary intake of silicon to be 20-50 mg/day, corresponding to 0.3-0.8 mg silicon/kg bw/day for a 60 kg person, and concluded that the...

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Section: General Information On the Metabolic Fate Of Siliconsupporting

confidence: 54%

Section: General Information On the Metabolic Fate Of Siliconmentioning

confidence: 99%

Choline-stabilised orthosilicic acid added for nutritional purposes to food supplements

2009

EFSA Journal

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“…In general terms, there appear to be two distinct steps involved in biodistribution of dietary silicon after oral absorption: first, the rapid urinary excretion for most of the ingested silicon; [9,15,25] the other step would consist of tissue storage and/or metabolism for the minor part of the ingested Si, proportional to physiological balance [25]. In a human study using Si radioactive, Popplewell et al [25]. demonstrated that 90% of circulating orthosilicic acid was rapidly excreted without any form of cellular processing.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-Aging Effects of Monomethylsilanetriol and Maltodextrin-Stabilized Orthosilicic Acid on Nails, Skin and Hair

et al. 2018

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Chemical form of silicon determines its absorption and bioavailability: particulate and polymerized forms exhibit minimal oral bioavailability, while monomers (maltodextrin-stabilized orthosilicic acid, M-OSA) and organic compounds (monomethylsilanetriol, MMST) may hypothetically be highly absorbed. This study aimed to investigate the dermatological effects of oral ingestion of silicon, either solid (M-OSA-SiliciuMax ® Powder) or liquid (MMST, SiliciuMax ® Liquid) on the skin, hair and nails of healthy volunteers, through a clinical trial (Registry number 2,032,724. Full protocol at Plataforma Brasil website). Patients were randomized to receive 5 mg of elemental Si, either M-OSA or MMST (group 1 and 2, n = 17 each) or placebo (group 3, n = 17) twice a day for 150 days. Clinical and patients' subjective evaluations were conducted. Multispectral face imaging and hair mineral analysis were also performed. Use of M-OSA and MMST provided significant (p < 0.05) betterment of facial wrinkles and UV spots. Changes were also observed at the end of the study in skin texture and length of eyelashes. Hair aluminum levels decrease with the treatments. Self-reported questionnaire indicated good satisfaction with both M-OSA and MMST. Continuous use of both M-OSA and MMST can provide improvements on skin parameters, as well as act as a detox agent for aluminum.

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“…13 32 Si-labelled compounds have been used for example in studies of silicon in marine food webs and for human and animal uptake kinetics. [14][15][16][17] However, the use of 31 Si is advantageous in short-term experiments, because (a) it is relatively easy to produce in high yields using a relatively low neutron flux reactor, (b) it does not decay to 32 P which can interfere with radioactivity measurements and (c) it results in far less radioactive waste. In addition, double tracer experiments using both 31 Si and 32 Si would become feasible.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of31Si-labelled silicate: a radiotracer for silicon studies in biosystems

Brasser

Gurboga

Kroon

et al. 2006

J Label Compd Radiopharm

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SummaryNo-carrier-added 31 Si was produced by 31 P(n,p) 31 Si in the nuclear reactor of the Delft University of Technology. Several methods were investigated to remove the side product 32 P, and the chemical form of 31 Si was investigated. All methods except one gave good results. Anion exchange with Dowex resin gave the best results in activity concentration (3.8 Â 10 6 Bq/ml, with only 3.2 Â 10 3 Bq/ml 32 P as by-product) and specific activity (A s >17 TBq/g). The product is suitable for biological systems.

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Kinetics of uptake and elimination of silicic acid by a human subject: A novel application of 32Si and accelerator mass spectrometry

Cited by 139 publications

References 12 publications

Choline-stabilised orthosilicic acid added for nutritional purposes to food supplements

Choline-stabilised orthosilicic acid added for nutritional purposes to food supplements

Anti-Aging Effects of Monomethylsilanetriol and Maltodextrin-Stabilized Orthosilicic Acid on Nails, Skin and Hair

Preparation of31Si-labelled silicate: a radiotracer for silicon studies in biosystems

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