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Starkey, Andrew; Ivanović, Ana; Neilson, Richard David; Rodger, Albert Alexander

doi:10.1023/a:1022031720855

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…When numerical model characteristics were adapted to those of the laboratory models or those of field models, the analysis demonstrated that frequencies increased in the laboratory [20] and field [22], see Figure 7. The acceleration signals were interpreted using neural networks, trained on data from the field anchors [22] or data from the dynamic numerical model [23]. With acceleration responses at different levels of imposed load, the neural network can learn complicated non-linear relationships between the anchor load level and the frequency response.…”

Section: Future Trend: Granit Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends in non-destructive testing of rock bolts

2019

JCE

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Trends in non-destructive testing of rock boltsRock bolts represent a critical element for many rock mass stabilization, tunnel construction, and underground work projects. Therefore, the evaluation of their condition is vital for proving their functionality over the entire life-cycle of structures. A number of techniques for quantifying condition of rock bolts are presently applied or are being developed. These include acoustic-based and vibration-based methods, which take advantage of various types of sensors and signal-processing tools. This paper provides an overview of available non-destructive test methods for rock bolts, considering both current practice and state of the art approaches.

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Section: Future Trend: Granit Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends in non-destructive testing of rock bolts

2019

JCE

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“…The ground anchorage integrity testing (GRANIT) system was developed at University of Aberdeen in Scotland [70]. The system induces low frequency vibrations to the rock bolt by an impact device and receives the vibration signals by an accelerometer.…”

Section: Rock Bolt Monitoring Using Smart Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Rock Bolt Monitoring Using Smart Sensors

Song

Wang

et al. 2017

Sensors

114

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Rock bolts have been widely used as rock reinforcing members in underground coal mine roadways and tunnels. Failures of rock bolts occur as a result of overloading, corrosion, seismic burst and bad grouting, leading to catastrophic economic and personnel losses. Monitoring the health condition of the rock bolts plays an important role in ensuring the safe operation of underground mines. This work presents a brief introduction on the types of rock bolts followed by a comprehensive review of rock bolt monitoring using smart sensors. Smart sensors that are used to assess rock bolt integrity are reviewed to provide a firm perception of the application of smart sensors for enhanced performance and reliability of rock bolts. The most widely used smart sensors for rock bolt monitoring are the piezoelectric sensors and the fiber optic sensors. The methodologies and principles of these smart sensors are reviewed from the point of view of rock bolt integrity monitoring. The applications of smart sensors in monitoring the critical status of rock bolts, such as the axial force, corrosion occurrence, grout quality and resin delamination, are highlighted. In addition, several prototypes or commercially available smart rock bolt devices are also introduced.

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“…Secondly, experience-based interpretation of the rock bolt conditions is deeply influenced by the experience of the personnel. In order to solve this problem, Starkey et al [15] developed a rock bolt anchorage post-tension level diagnosis method based on neural networks. The lumped parameter dynamic model was used to describe the relationship between the general frequency and the tension level of the rock bolt, and was then used to produce a training dataset for the neural network.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of the Length of Installed Rock Bolt Based on Stress Wave Reflection by Using a Giant Magnetostrictive (GMS) Actuator and a PZT Sensor

Luo

Wang

et al. 2017

Sensors

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Rock bolts, as a type of reinforcing element, are widely adopted in underground excavations and civil engineering structures. Given the importance of rock bolts, the research outlined in this paper attempts to develop a portable non-destructive evaluation method for assessing the length of installed rock bolts for inspection purposes. Traditionally, piezoelectric elements or hammer impacts were used to perform non-destructive evaluation of rock bolts. However, such methods suffered from many major issues, such as the weak energy generated and the requirement for permanent installation for piezoelectric elements, and the inconsistency of wave generation for hammer impact. In this paper, we proposed a portable device for the non-destructive evaluation of rock bolt conditions based on a giant magnetostrictive (GMS) actuator. The GMS actuator generates enough energy to ensure multiple reflections of the stress waves along the rock bolt and a lead zirconate titantate (PZT) sensor is used to detect the reflected waves. A new integrated procedure that involves correlation analysis, wavelet denoising, and Hilbert transform was proposed to process the multiple reflection signals to determine the length of an installed rock bolt. The experimental results from a lab test and field tests showed that, by analyzing the instant phase of the periodic reflections of the stress wave generated by the GMS transducer, the length of an embedded rock bolt can be accurately determined.

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Untitled

Cited by 10 publications

References 4 publications

Trends in non-destructive testing of rock bolts

Trends in non-destructive testing of rock bolts

A Review of Rock Bolt Monitoring Using Smart Sensors

Measurement of the Length of Installed Rock Bolt Based on Stress Wave Reflection by Using a Giant Magnetostrictive (GMS) Actuator and a PZT Sensor

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