Knowledge, Awareness and Practice on Dietary Management Among Patients with Urolithiasis: A Scoping Review

Abstract

Urolithiasis or kidney stone has strong association with lifestyle. The pattern of recurrent episodes reported is alarming and if left untreated will lead to serious conditions such as cancer or ablative surgical intervention. Therefore, this scoping review was performed to provide an overview on knowledge, awareness and practice (KAP) of dietary management among patients with urolithiasis. Published studies within 2010 until 2020 on KAP among urolithiasis patients globally and Malaysia were searched through five databases including ProQuest Health and Medical Complete, Wiley Online Library, EBSCO Host, Science Direct and Scopus. The quality appraisal was performed using Freestyle Critical Appraisal. Two of the authors involved in screening the relevant literature while the supervisor involved in peer checking the appraisal performed. A total of eight publications; five original studies and three review papers were obtained but none was from Malaysia. Only five were reviewed systematically on the basis of its completeness for quantitative synthesis on design, population, methodology and instrumentation. The scope of interest was awareness of urolithiasis, knowledge on risk factors, sign and symptoms, treatment and preventive measure, as well as the relationship between urolithiasis and socio-demographic background. The findings highlighted an association between socio-demographic background such as age, gender, education level, income status, literacy level towards KAP among urolithiasis patients on dietary management. Lifestyle pattern such as food intake and weight management were crucial to prevent recurrent episode Proper dietary management was an early intervention to prevent recurrent episodes of urolithiasis. Health education efforts may be helpful to increase awareness and knowledge among patients and this need to be performed by multidisciplinary effort.

Urolithiasis Symptoms and Risk Factors Among the General Population of Alahsa, Saudi Arabia

“…There are studies that suggested a prevalence of 10-15% globally and up to 20% among Saudis. On the other hand, our study showed a 10% prevalence among the Alahsa population [8][9][10]. Our study found a higher incidence among those aged 35 to 50, which is consistent with many other studies [8,10,11].…”

“…A study conducted in Malaysia showed that there are low levels of awareness about risk factors and symptoms of renal stones, and there is a lack of sufficient knowledge about the role of diet in the medical management of renal stones [ 8 ]. Another study conducted in Saudi Arabia showed the level of awareness about risk factors and prevention among communities.…”

Knowledge, attitudes, and practices towards urinary system stones among the Chengdu population

“…( 1234567890 The present work identified strong differences in the KAP scores of individuals with different demographic characteristics, including age, gender, BMI, residence, education and other socioeconomic and medical characteristics. A strong association between this disease and socioeconomic status, particularly income, has been previously established 20 , which also reflected on the KAP levels of the patients 21 . Our analysis of respondents revealed a notable deficiency in knowledge concerning urinary stones, particularly in areas related to preventive dietary recommendations and lifestyle habits, such as reducing the consumption of animal protein-rich foods and foods high in citric acid.…”

“…Cutting back on foods rich in citric acid like oranges, pineapples, and grapes can help in preventing urinary system stones". In this context, there has been limited exploration of the KAP regarding healthy habits and urinary stones among both patients and the general public, both globally and specifically within China 21 . An investigation conducted in Atlanta, United States of America, revealed that local individuals with urinary stones lacked a proper understanding of how to manage their diet and the related risk factors 22 .…”

“…Both dietary and medical interventions are available for the treatment of urinary stones, with dietary adjustments proving to be effective and cost-efficient. Enhancing awareness about this renal condition can empower patients to recognize its signs, symptoms, and associated risk factors 21 .…”