Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) is often associated with Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admission and results in a higher mortality rate around the world. The AKI cases have been rising for the past decade alongside the mortality rate. Literature has shown that early detection helps in overcoming the problem. This systematic review aims to identify the identify the relevant literature and to summarize the prevention and early detection of AKI in the ICU setting to reduce the morbidity and mortality rate of patients. A total of 20 articles identified in this review. This systematic review also is in line with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Relevant studies were identified based on the inclusion criteria with language filters but were limited to articles published from the year 2010 to 2020. Two reviewers independently conducted the quality assessment, data extraction, and analysis on all included studies. The result indicates there are several biomarkers which are helpful in detecting AKI such as Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin (NGAL), Interleukin-18 (IL-18), Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase 2 (TIMP-2), Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 7 (IGFBP-7), Protein C (PC), and soluble thrombomodulin (sTM). This review also addressed nursing responsibilities for early detection and prevention of AKI. Thus, severe cases of AKI and mortality cases associated with AKI can be minimized with better predictive and proper management.

Urolithiasis or kidney stone has strong association with lifestyle. The pattern of recurrent episodes reported is alarming and if left untreated will lead to serious conditions such as cancer or ablative surgical intervention. Therefore, this scoping review was performed to provide an overview on knowledge, awareness and practice (KAP) of dietary management among patients with urolithiasis. Published studies within 2010 until 2020 on KAP among urolithiasis patients globally and Malaysia were searched through five databases including ProQuest Health and Medical Complete, Wiley Online Library, EBSCO Host, Science Direct and Scopus. The quality appraisal was performed using Freestyle Critical Appraisal. Two of the authors involved in screening the relevant literature while the supervisor involved in peer checking the appraisal performed. A total of eight publications; five original studies and three review papers were obtained but none was from Malaysia. Only five were reviewed systematically on the basis of its completeness for quantitative synthesis on design, population, methodology and instrumentation. The scope of interest was awareness of urolithiasis, knowledge on risk factors, sign and symptoms, treatment and preventive measure, as well as the relationship between urolithiasis and socio-demographic background. The findings highlighted an association between socio-demographic background such as age, gender, education level, income status, literacy level towards KAP among urolithiasis patients on dietary management. Lifestyle pattern such as food intake and weight management were crucial to prevent recurrent episode Proper dietary management was an early intervention to prevent recurrent episodes of urolithiasis. Health education efforts may be helpful to increase awareness and knowledge among patients and this need to be performed by multidisciplinary effort.