“…The knowledge engineering based approaches implemented the selection of AM processes based on the recommendation of expert systems or knowledge-based systems, which were developed using specific artificial intelligence techniques, such as database query, knowledge modelling, rule-based reasoning, and fuzzy reasoning. Representative examples are the expert systems of Bibb et al [13], Masood and Soo [14], Lan et al [15], Palmer [16], and Munguia et al [17], which were either developed based on rule-based reasoning, a combination of rule-based reasoning and fuzzy reasoning, or a combination of rule-based reasoning, fuzzy reasoning, and database query, and the knowledge-based systems of Bernard et al [18] and Singh and Sewell [19], which were both developed using the knowledge modelling technique. Compared to the database based approaches, the knowledge engineering based approaches can reduce the user involvement to some extent.…”