Komposisi Kimia Dan Keawetan Alami 20 Jenis Kayu Indonesia Dengan Pengujian Di Bawah Naungan

Abstract

Wood utilization for various products such as building construction, furniture and handycrafts deserves through attention to the properties such as chemical composition and durability, as those are interrelated. This paper investigates chemical composition and natural durability of 20 wood species originated from several Indonesian regions. Celluloses content was analyzed according to Norman and Jenkin methods; lignins content was tested according to SNI 14-0492-1989; and extractives content was analysed based on SNI 14-1032-1989. Testing of wood durability was conducted under the shade at Cikampek, experiment station, West Java. Durability observation was conducted in one year afterwards by assessing the percentage damage of wood samples caused by wood-destroying organisms. Results show that jaha wood (Terminalia arborea K.et.V.) exhibited the highest cellulose content (61.35%), while the lowest (43.30%) at bambang lanang wood (Michelia champaca L.var.pubinervia). Mahang putih wood (Macaranga hypoleuca Muell. Arg.) contain the highest lignin (35.80%), conversely cempaka wood (Elmerrillia papuana Dandy) contain the lowest lignin (23.67%). The highest extractive content (7.87%) was found at bawang wood (Azadirachta exelsa (Jack) M. Jacobs), while the lowest content found at kandis wood (Pentaphalangium pachycarcum A.C. Smith.) with extractive content of 1.52%. Assessment on natural durability indicated that four species were categorized as durable (class II), six species as rather durable (class III), three species as not-durable (class IV), and seven species as perishable (class V).

PENGARUH EKSTRAK KAYU ULIN (Eusideroxylon zwageri) TERHADAP SERANGAN RAYAP KAYU KERING (Cryptotermes cynocephalus): PENELITIAN PENDAHULUAN

“…Salah satu karakteristik kualitas kayu adalah keawetan atau ketahanan terhadap pengaruh faktor biologis dan non-biologis. Faktor biologis berupa serangan organisme perusak seperti bakteri, serangga, jamur, dan cacing laut (marine borer), sedangkan faktor non-biologis berupa gangguan secara fisika, kimia, dan mekanis (Jasni, Pari, & Satiti, 2016;Safitri, Hapid, & Erniwati, 2014). Kayu sebagai bahan konstruksi atau furnitur memerlukan ketahanan yang baik terhadap organisme perusak terutama kumbang bubuk, rayap kayu kering, rayap tanah, jamur pelapuk, dan penggerek laut (SNI 7207, 2014).…”

“…Bahan aktif yang diuji yaitu saponin, tanin, total flavonoid, total fenolik, dan total alkaloid. Parameter ini dipilih karena merupakan pengawet alami pada kayu terhadap serangan rayap kayu kering (Azis, Prayitno, Lukmandaru, & Listyanto, 2015;Jasni et al, 2016).…”

“…Kadar senyawa tertinggi berupa total flavonoid sebesar 12,28% b/b serbuk kayu ulin, saponin 5,95%; total fenolik 3,45%; total alkaloid 1,54%; dan tanin 0,78%. Kandungan senyawa aktif tersebut merupakan bahan pengawet alami kayu terhadap serangan serangga, termasuk rayap kayu kering (Azis et al, 2015;Jasni et al, 2016).…”

Sifat Fisis Dan Mekanis Kayu Dari Hutan Rakyat Dalam Uji Biodeteriorasi Di Beberapa Daerah Bagian Barat Pulau Jawa

“…Kerusakan kayu oleh jamur pelapuk dapat semakin berat karena dapat mengundang serangan organisme lain, terutama rayap (Subekti, 2012). Pengujian ketahanan kayu terhadap berbagai faktor perusak perlu dilakukan, baik dalam skala laboratorium sebagaimana yang dilakukan oleh Subekti (2012) maupun sakala lapangan di bawah naungan (Jasni et al, 2016), menyentuh tanah (Lempang dan Asdar, 2007;Palanti et al, 2011), atau di atas (tidak menyentuh) tanah (Råberg et al, 2005).…”

Preparation and Characterization of Liquid Smoke from Wood Sawdust Azadirachta excelsa (Jack) M. Jacobs and its Application as a Natural Rubber Coagulant

“…Liquid smoke is obtained from the pyrolysis process of hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin in wood. AE wood contains 46.42% cellulose, 33.16% lignin, and 2.54% extractive substances [2]. Liquid smoke has various applications, including as an antimicrobial [3][4][5], antioxidant [6,7], latex coagulant [8,9], termiticide [10,11] and others.…”