Kontingenz: Methodisch verhindert oder beobachtet? / Contingency: Methodically Eliminated or Observed?

Abstract

ZusammenfassungAls zentrales Problem der qualitativen Sozialforschung erscheint die Frage nach der Konstitution von Bedeutungen. Sowohl Biographieforschung als auch Ethnomethodologie bieten methodische Antworten an, denen zufolge Bedeutungen über immer schon vorhandene Ordnungsstrukturen entschlüsselt werden. In diesem Beitrag wird der Versuch unternommen, eine qualitative Methodologie zu entwickeln, die sich für die Entstehung von Ordnung interessiert. Mit dieser systemtheoretischen Reformulierung einer Methodologie der qualitativen Sozialforschung können dann bekannte Argumentationsfiguren (Narration bzw. kommunikative Kompetenz, Authentizität bzw. recipient design, Prozessstrukturen bzw. Indexikalität) neu gelesen werden, und zwar als Versuch zur Ausschaltung von Kontingenz über die Installation von Gültigkeitskriterien, von zuverlässig interpretierenden Adressaten und von zeitbindenden Speichermedien. Als Resultat dieser Argumentation ergibt sich die Forderung danach, in qualitativen Forschungen Kontingenz selbst zum Thema zu machen, anstatt mit Hilfe von Methoden eine immer schon vorausgesetzte Ordnung zu entdecken. Diese Methodologie wird am Beispiel der Untersuchung von Todesbildern illustriert.

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