Kontrollüberzeugungen Depressiver im transkulturellen Vergleich

Abstract

On the background of social-cognitive theories and transcultural aspects of depression relationships between generalized locus of control orientations and indicators of depression were analyzed in clinical samples from Egypt and West Germany. Data were collected in samples of 50 Egypt and 45 German inpatients with major depressive disorder (MDD, DSM-III) as well as in control samples of 50 Egyptian and German inpatients with acute medical diseases. Besides the "Beck Depression Inventory" (BDI) and the Hopelessness-Scale (H-Scale) the IPC-Scales were used, measuring internality, powerful others control and chance control in generalized control orientations. Results are: (1) Depressive inpatients are more depressive, more hopeless, more external, and less internal than patients with medical diseases; (2) While the Egyptian patients reach in general a markedly higher level in depression (BDI) than the patients in the German samples, a similar difference in the H-Scale was only observed for the depressive samples; (3) The Egyptian patients show distinctly higher scores in powerful others and chance control; (4) Discriminant analysis shows, that about 60% can be classified to the correct disease- and nationality-group by using the IPC-Scores; (5) There are some cultural specifica in the correlative patterns of the studied variables. It is concluded, that the results confirm on a general level the transcultural validity of cognitive approaches to depression. But it is noted as well, that cultural specificia in the structure of the cognitive orientations underlying depression require some differentiations of the constructs of such approaches.

Guilt and Depression: A Cross-Cultural Comparative Study

“…This attitude leaves only limited scope to the recognition of free will, the acceptance of personal responsibility or a feeling of individual guilt. In a transcultural study, Räder et al [58] found that Egyptians more often felt dependent on fate or on the immediate social environment than Germans. If responsibility for the execution of moral judgements is not centred on the individual, no cognitive dissonance arises, which is the prerequisite for the development of feelings of guilt.…”

Vergleichende Analyse psychosomatischer Beschwerden bei Personen mit spanischem, italienischem, türkischem und russischem Migrationshintergrund

“…Personen mit italienischem Hintergrund und etwas weniger ausgeprägt Personen mit russischem Hintergrund zeigen eher internale Kontrollüberzeugungen, während Personen mit spanischem Hintergrund fatalistische Kontrollüberzeugungen als sehr wichtig einschätzen [23]. Innerhalb der türkischen Gruppe findet sich ein 2-geteiltes Kontrollmuster, nachdem sowohl internale als auch externale Kontrollüberzeugungen betont werden [9,24]. Auch unter Berücksichtigung der Interdependenzen zwischen einzelner Einflussfaktoren konnte ein signifikanter Zusammenhang zwischen kulturellem Hintergrund und dem Ausprägungsgrad des somatoformen Syndroms festgestellt werden.…”