KpsC and KpsS are retaining 3-deoxy-
            <scp>d</scp>
            -
            <i>manno</i>
            -oct-2-ulosonic acid (Kdo) transferases involved in synthesis of bacterial capsules

Willis, Lisa M.; Whitfield, Chris

doi:10.1073/pnas.1312637110

Cited by 95 publications

(95 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…From the genes flanking acs operons, cmcAX, ccpAX, bglxA, bcsX, and bcsY have been previously shown to contribute to cellulose production in closely related species (26,33,34). We found two other, stand-alone copies of bglxA from the genome (genomic positions 517401-519440 and 3029825-3032221), and also identified genes close to acs2 that are associated with extracellular matrix formation (kpsC, kpsS, and rfaB) and may play a role in cellulose productivity (35,36). Finally, to determine whether the iGEM strain can fix atmospheric nitrogen similar to G. diazotrophicus, we searched its genome for genes associated with nitrogen fixation.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 74%

Engineering control of bacterial cellulose production using a genetic toolkit and a new cellulose-producing strain

Florea

Hagemann

Santosa

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

194

216

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Bacterial cellulose is a strong and ultrapure form of cellulose produced naturally by several species of the Acetobacteraceae. Its high strength, purity, and biocompatibility make it of great interest to materials science; however, precise control of its biosynthesis has remained a challenge for biotechnology. Here we isolate a strain of Komagataeibacter rhaeticus (K. rhaeticus iGEM) that can produce cellulose at high yields, grow in low-nitrogen conditions, and is highly resistant to toxic chemicals. We achieved external control over its bacterial cellulose production through development of a modular genetic toolkit that enables rational reprogramming of the cell. To further its use as an organism for biotechnology, we sequenced its genome and demonstrate genetic circuits that enable functionalization and patterning of heterologous gene expression within the cellulose matrix. This work lays the foundations for using genetic engineering to produce cellulose-based materials, with numerous applications in basic science, materials engineering, and biotechnology.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 74%

Engineering control of bacterial cellulose production using a genetic toolkit and a new cellulose-producing strain

Florea

Hagemann

Santosa

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

194

216

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“…Other investigators have suggested that the altered stoichiometry of LipA/KpsC to other capsule biosynthetic components may result in aberrant capsule chain length (21), raising the possibility that altered stoichiometry of capsule synthesis components through complementation at a nonnative locus may result in a similar change in capsule chain length. As another approach to quantify the amount of polysaccharide in the mutant and complemented strains, we measured thiobarbituric acid (TBA) reactivity.…”

Section: Capsule Biosynthesis Genes Are Not Restricted To a Single Lomentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic and Molecular Basis of Kingella kingae Encapsulation

et al. 2016

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Kingella kingae is a common cause of invasive disease in young children and was recently found to produce a polysaccharide capsule containing N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) and ␤-3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid (␤Kdo). Given the role of capsules as important virulence factors and effective vaccine antigens, we set out to determine the genetic determinants of K. kingae encapsulation. Using a transposon library and a screen for nonencapsulated mutants, we identified the previously identified ctrABCD (ABC transporter) operon, a lipA (kpsC)-like gene, a lipB (kpsS)-like gene, and a putative glycosyltransferase gene designated csaA (capsule synthesis type a gene A). These genes were found to be present at unlinked locations scattered throughout the genome, an atypical genetic arrangement for Gram-negative bacteria that elaborate a capsule dependent on an ABC-type transporter for surface localization. The csaA gene product contains a predicted glycosyltransferase domain with structural homology to GalNAc transferases and a predicted capsule synthesis domain with structural homology to Kdo transferases, raising the possibility that this enzyme is responsible for alternately linking GalNAc to ␤Kdo and ␤Kdo to GalNAc. Consistent with this conclusion, mutation of the DXD motif in the GalNAc transferase domain and of the HP motif in the Kdo transferase domain resulted in a loss of encapsulation. Examination of intracellular and surface-associated capsule in deletion mutants and complemented strains further implicated the lipA (kpsC)-like gene, the lipB (kpsS)-like gene, and the csaA gene in K. kingae capsule production. These data define the genetic requirements for encapsulation in K. kingae and demonstrate an atypical organization of capsule synthesis, assembly, and export genes.

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“…Some organisms use Kdo (3-deoxy-D-manno-oct-2-ulosonic acid) residues as a link between the lipid and the sugar polymer (62). The KpsC and KpsS GTs were recently shown to catalyze this reaction (115). E. coli K1 CPS biosynthesis involves a NeuS polysialyltransferase and a NeuE accessory protein (116).…”

Section: Cell Wall Polysaccharides: Capsular Polysaccharides and Exopmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Sweet Tooth of Bacteria: Common Themes in Bacterial Glycoconjugates

Tytgat

Lebeer

2014

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

129

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SUMMARY Humans have been increasingly recognized as being superorganisms, living in close contact with a microbiota on all their mucosal surfaces. However, most studies on the human microbiota have focused on gaining comprehensive insights into the composition of the microbiota under different health conditions (e.g., enterotypes), while there is also a need for detailed knowledge of the different molecules that mediate interactions with the host. Glycoconjugates are an interesting class of molecules for detailed studies, as they form a strain-specific barcode on the surface of bacteria, mediating specific interactions with the host. Strikingly, most glycoconjugates are synthesized by similar biosynthesis mechanisms. Bacteria can produce their major glycoconjugates by using a sequential or an en bloc mechanism, with both mechanistic options coexisting in many species for different macromolecules. In this review, these common themes are conceptualized and illustrated for all major classes of known bacterial glycoconjugates, with a special focus on the rather recently emergent field of glycosylated proteins. We describe the biosynthesis and importance of glycoconjugates in both pathogenic and beneficial bacteria and in both Gram-positive and -negative organisms. The focus lies on microorganisms important for human physiology. In addition, the potential for a better knowledge of bacterial glycoconjugates in the emerging field of glycoengineering and other perspectives is discussed.

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KpsC and KpsS are retaining 3-deoxy- d - manno -oct-2-ulosonic acid (Kdo) transferases involved in synthesis of bacterial capsules

Cited by 95 publications

References 46 publications

Engineering control of bacterial cellulose production using a genetic toolkit and a new cellulose-producing strain

Engineering control of bacterial cellulose production using a genetic toolkit and a new cellulose-producing strain

Genetic and Molecular Basis of Kingella kingae Encapsulation

The Sweet Tooth of Bacteria: Common Themes in Bacterial Glycoconjugates

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