“…In the case of a small open economy (e.g., Argentina), facing exogenous terms of trade, output would not be limited by external demand, but by domestic supply and demand. Therefore, Thirlwall's model may not be appropriate if exports are not an autonomous component of aggregate demand; that is, if they are not constrained by resource under‐employment or if they are a residual after domestic absorption (Chena, 2014; Cortes & Bosch, 2015; Razmi, 2011; Vázquez‐Muñoz, 2018). However, Vernengo (2015), Ibarra (2015), and Pérez Caldentey (2015) cast doubt on their statements, and Thirlwall's himself states that balance‐of‐payments equilibrium growth rate can be raised by promoting exports or reducing the demand for imports, as well as, “within its limits, demand can generate its own supply by encouraging investment, absorbing unemployment, raising productivity growth, and so on” (Thirlwall, 1979, p. 52).…”