Label‐Free Detection of Bisphenol A Using a Potentiometric Immunosensor

Abstract

A potentiometric immunosensor for the label-free detection of bisphenol A (BPA) was developed by covalently immobilizing a polyclonal antibody (PAb) onto the surface of a carboxylated poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC-COOH) membrane. The immunosensor was characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The immobilization of PAb and its interaction with antigen (Ag) and BPA were also confirmed by quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) studies. Experimental parameters affecting the immuno-interaction between PAb and its Ag or BPA were examined in terms of pH, antibody concentration, and temperature. The immunosensor showed a specific recognition of BPA with less interference than 4.8% from other common phenolic compounds. A calibration plot was obtained between 1.0 and 30.0 ng/mL and the detection limit was determined to be 0.6 ng/mL. The proposed immunosensor was applied for a real water sample spiked with BPA and the recoveries were in the range between 102.5 and 105.7%.

Highly sensitive electrochemical biosensor for bisphenol A detection based on a diazonium-functionalized boron-doped diamond electrode modified with a multi-walled carbon nanotube-tyrosinase hybrid film

“…Up to date, many electrochemical biosensors based on enzymes (Dempsey et al, 2004;Wang et al, 2014;Pan et al, 2015;Portaccio et al, 2013;Kochana et al, 2015), aptamers (Kang et al, 2011;Zhu et al, 2015;Ragavan et al, 2013;Zhu et al, 2014), antibodies (Piao et al, 2008;Rahman et al, 2007;Wang et al, 2014) and peptides (Yang et al, 2014;Qu et al, 2013;Kim et al, 2015) have been fabricated for the detection of BPA. Among them, the enzyme tyrosinase was applied to the measurement of BPA.…”

Fast picomolar selective detection of bisphenol A in water using a carbon nanotube field effect transistor functionalized with estrogen receptor-α

“…Also, pretreatment stages such as preconcentration and other sample treatments are time-demanding and labour intensive (Kawaguchi et al, 2004;Gatidou et al, 2007;Hu et al, 2007). Recent detection methods of BPA in water include, among others, the use of antibodies in a yeast two-hybrid bioassay (Schwartz-Mittelman et al, 2005) with a limit of detection of 1.75 × 10 −9 M in 6 min of measurement, potentiometric methods with response times of 5 min and a limit of detection of 2.63 × 10 −9 M (Piao et al, 2008) or optical immunosensors with an analysis time per sample of 15 min and a limit of detection of 6.13 × 10 −11 M. (Rodriguez-Mozaz et al, 2005) New types of sensors have been developed in recent years with the emergence of nanostructured materials. The nanometric size related to these new materials (usually less than 100 nm in at least one dimension) is important for revealing new properties which are different from those exhibited by the same materials in bulk size.…”

“…The ER-␣ is adsorbed onto the surface of a network of SWCNTs which act as transducers. A PBSTG solution (Piao et al, 2008) (0.05% Tween 20 and 0.8% gelatin in phosphate buffered saline, PBS) has been used as a blocking agent in order to avoid non-specific adsorption of interferences over the SWCNTs. With this sensor we are able to detect 2.19 × 10 −12 M of BPA in aqueous solution.…”

DNA Nanostructure-Based Magnetic Beads for Potentiometric Aptasensing

“…The detection limit of BPA was calculated as 80 pM (3σ), which is much lower than the previously achieved values using an immunoassay method. 30,31 As a control test, a bare magnetic bead without linkage of "supersandwich" structure had no response to BPA (data not shown).…”