Laboratory diagnosis of urinary tract infections in patients with resistance genes towards antibiotics

Abstract

Escherichia coli are gram-negative bacteria that cause urinary tract infections (UTIs). UTIs have affected a significant percentage of humans yearly due to bacterial infection. Our study aims to determine the prevalence of resistance genes in E. coli towards sulfamethoxazole. This study included (490) patients with UTIs, and the urine samples were cultured on media. The patients were admitted to the Medical City in Baghdad to treat UTIs. 116 E.coli isolates were isolated from urine specimens, 35 isolates of them were resistant to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, and 81 isolates were sensitive to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole; the E. coli isolates were submitted to multiplex PCR to detection some resistance genes (Sul1, sul2) after detected the isolates by PCR depending on 16S rRNA. Our study showed that identified E. coli was (91-99%) depending on the number of the examined samples by the Vitek 2 system. The molecular study included extraction of chromosomal DNA from (53) E. coli isolates; 35 samples were taken resistant to antibiotics, while from the total of 81 sensitive isolates, only 18 sensitive samples were taken from that are the most sensitive to Timethprime/sulfamethoxazole, then identification by 16S rRNA gene. Detection of Sulfonamides resistance genes included sul1 and sul2. The results showed the 16S rRNA gene identification found in all E. coli isolates and the detection of antibiotic resistance genes. The resistant isolates with the Sul1 gene prevalence were 11(31%), while the sensitive isolates with Sul1gene were 1(6%). Moreover, the resisted isolates with Sul2 gene prevalence was 8(23%), while the sensitive isolates with the Sul1 gene were 0(0%). The numbers of the resistant isolates were (11) and (8) that carry the Sul1 gene and Sul2 gene, respectively, while the numbers of the sensitive isolates were (1) and (0), respectively. We can conclude that a high percentage of Sul1 gene and Sul2 genes in E. coil isolated from UTIs were high. Keywords. UTI, Sul1, Sul2, resistant gene, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole

Molecular detection of extended spectrum β-lactamase in gram negative bacteria isolated from intensive care unit patients in Wasit province, Iraq

“…The results observed that all the isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae, E. coli, proteus mirabilis, Burkholderia cepacia and Klebsiella oxytoca ) were negative for the presence of bla CTX-M1, bla CTX-M2, and bla CTX-M9 genes. Molecular detection of CTX -M ESBLs for isolate Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed that 1 (8.3%) of the isolate was positive for at least one CTX-M ESBLs gene from 12(60%) , the frequency of CTX-M ESBLs gene presence among Pseudomonas aeruginosa was as follows: blaCTX-M1 ,1(8.3%); bla CTX-M2, 1(8.3%); bla CTX-M9 0(0%) ,there was a significant association between the presence of ESBL genes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and site of infection ,our study consistent with this study with in Jimma, Ethiopia [33,34] containing this bla CTX-M2 in the (3%); (8.2%) respectively. The results was consistent with [35] demonstrated the frequencies of this gene blaCTX-M1 (10%) in Erbil.…”

Detection of resistance genes (gyrA,qepA,drf1,drf17) for E.coli in Iraqi aquatic environment ( symbols for genes are italicized (e.g., IGF1) in all the text

“…So antibiotics have difficulty linking to the target. Meanwhile, trimethoprim resistance in E. coli is caused by chromosomal mutations in the dhfr or dhps genes, which cause antibiotic resistance 26 .…”

Characterization of multiple resistance genes of Escherichia coli strains isolated from food and clinical samples

“…In addition, 68 isolates were positive for int1 from integron genes (28). In the study conducted to determine the sulphonamide resistance genes in E. coli isolates that cause UTI in Uruguayan children, resistance to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole was detected in 37.9% of the samples, and it was stated that sul resistance gene was found in 85.5% of them (29).…”