2012
DOI: 10.1016/j.tecto.2012.06.026
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Laboratory observations of transient frictional slip in rock–analog materials at co-seismic slip rates and rapid changes in normal stress

Abstract: Keywords:Rock-analog materials Co-seismic slip rates Rate weakening and strengthening Flash heating Rapid change in normal stress Plate-impact pressure-shear friction experiments Knowledge of frictional (shear) resistance and its dependency on slip distance, slip velocity, normal stress, and surface roughness is fundamental information for understanding earthquake physics and the energy released during such events. In view of this, in the present study, plate-impact pressure-shear friction experiments are cond… Show more

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Cited by 5 publications
(4 citation statements)
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References 94 publications
(126 reference statements)
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“…On the other hand, an increasing number of well‐constrained observations are being obtained in laboratory experiments performed under close to co‐seismic conditions. Yuan and Prakash (2008, 2012) used an impact bar to load impulsively a frictional slip surface under extreme conditions of slip rate (tens of meters per second) and normal stress (hundreds of Mega Pascals) while measuring the shear resistance to slip; they found an abrupt weakening occurring over extremely short slip distances (<1 μm) and times (<1 μs). Intermediate, more seismic‐like conditions were studied (0.5–6.5 m/s, 1–50 MPa) using rotary shear machines (Di Toro et al., 2004, 2006; Fondriest et al., 2013; Han et al., 2007; Hirose & Shimamoto, 2005; Mizoguchi et al., 2007; Sone & Shimamoto, 2009; Tsutsumi & Shimamoto, 1997; Violay, Nielsen, Gibert et al., 2013; Violay et al., 2015) also resulting in pronounced weakening; however, in the latter experiments, the measured weakening distances were much longer (of the order of tens of centimeters to several meters).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…On the other hand, an increasing number of well‐constrained observations are being obtained in laboratory experiments performed under close to co‐seismic conditions. Yuan and Prakash (2008, 2012) used an impact bar to load impulsively a frictional slip surface under extreme conditions of slip rate (tens of meters per second) and normal stress (hundreds of Mega Pascals) while measuring the shear resistance to slip; they found an abrupt weakening occurring over extremely short slip distances (<1 μm) and times (<1 μs). Intermediate, more seismic‐like conditions were studied (0.5–6.5 m/s, 1–50 MPa) using rotary shear machines (Di Toro et al., 2004, 2006; Fondriest et al., 2013; Han et al., 2007; Hirose & Shimamoto, 2005; Mizoguchi et al., 2007; Sone & Shimamoto, 2009; Tsutsumi & Shimamoto, 1997; Violay, Nielsen, Gibert et al., 2013; Violay et al., 2015) also resulting in pronounced weakening; however, in the latter experiments, the measured weakening distances were much longer (of the order of tens of centimeters to several meters).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Indeed, field geologists have long reported evidence for excessive local temperature rise, recorded in rocks that deformed during frictional heating [e.g., Holland , ; Scott and Drever , ]. This has prompted numerous high‐velocity rock friction (HVRF) experiments using the industrial friction‐welding apparatus [e.g., Spray , , , , ], rotary‐shear devices [e.g., Brown and Fialko , ; Di Toro et al , ; Erismann et al , ; Goldsby and Tullis , , ; Hirose and Shimamoto , ; Tsutsumi and Shimamoto , ], and other techniques [e.g., Yuan and Prakash , , , ] at slip rates, durations, and normal stresses that approach conditions on faults during earthquakes. The process of “flash” heating, whereby temperatures at points of true contact can increase far above the average surface temperature gains increasing importance at such high slip speeds [e.g., Bowden and Tabor , ; Bowden and Thomas , ; Archard , ].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…These studies suggest that macroscopic melting across the entire slip surface occurs only after a stage of pronounced weakening that has been attributed to high flash temperatures at localized contacts. Some experiments also exhibit strengthening after the initial weakening stage [ Hirose and Shimamoto , ; Spray , ; Del Gaudio et al , ; Yuan and Prakash , ; Brown and Fialko , ], leading to the suggestion that melt patches can smear out and increase the total contact area so that the net viscous resistance is progressively enhanced. Although we do not test this mechanism here, in section 4 below we briefly discuss the potential roles of some of the processes that our model neglects.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Slip-strengthening can be associated with certain geological conditions where the fault becomes more resistant to sliding as it slips, potentially leading to more significant stress accumulation and higher levels of ground shaking during a seismic event Yamashita, 2008, 2007;Ujiie et al, 2009;Yuan and Prakash, 2012).…”
Section: Quasi-static Constitutive M Odelsmentioning
confidence: 99%