Laboratory studies of disinfectants against Legionella pneumophila

Skaliy, Peter; Thompson, Terry A.; Gorman, George W.; Morris, George K.; Mceachern, Harold V.; Mackel, Donald C.

doi:10.1128/aem.40.4.697-700.1980

Cited by 77 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Hyperchlorination. The residual level of chlorine in domestic water is usually <1.0 mg/L 51 , 57 , 58 . Initial suppression of L. pneumophila usually requires chlorine concentrations of 3‐6 mg/L and subsequent maintenance concentrations of 2‐4 mg/L.…”

Section: Disinfection Methods For Legionellamentioning

confidence: 99%

Legionella in water distribution systems

Yuan¹,

Vidić²,

Stout³

et al. 1998

Journal AWWA

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Regular culturing of distribution system samples is the key to successful disinfection. Legionnaires' disease arises from the presence of Legionella in water systems. Legionella can be found within biofilms throughout the entire water distribution system. Control measures such as copper‐silver ionization, superheat‐and‐flush procedures, ultraviolet light, instantaneous heating systems, and hyperchlorination have been applied with variable success. Specific approaches, advantages, disadvantages, and costs of each method are reviewed. Many approaches commonly recommended by public health authorities have not been scientifically validated. Results from routine environmental surveillance cultures for Legionella are the critical component for rational decision‐making.

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Section: Disinfection Methods For Legionellamentioning

confidence: 99%

Legionella in water distribution systems

Yuan¹,

Vidić²,

Stout³

et al. 1998

Journal AWWA

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“…To eradicate legionellae in cooling tower water, several methods, including ultraviolet irradiation, have been tested ( 1,6,9,14,15). Susceptibility of L. pneumophila to UV-radiation was reported (1,8), but this method is not yet in practical use as a biocidal treatment of cooling tower water, because the quartz glass surface quickly becomes dirty in filthy water and inhibits the penetration of ultraviolet light.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of FLONLIZER®, Ultraviolet Sterilizer, on Legionella Species Inhabiting Cooling Tower Water

Yamamoto

Urakami²,

Nakano³

et al. 1987

Microbiology and Immunology

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Legionella pneumophila in sterile distilled water was not detected after ultraviolet irradiation by FLONLIZER®, a new‐type sterilizer, at a flow rate of 82.5 to 364.8 liters/hr. When irradiated by FLONLIZER® at a flow rate of under 324.0 liters/hr, no viable cells of legionellae, other heterotrophic bacteria and bacterivorous protozoa were detected in the cooling tower water, which was found to contain L. pneumophila. No viable cells of L. pneumophila and L. bozemanii suspended in sterile distilled water were detected after the irradiation with UV‐doses of over 6.16 × 103 μW·sec/cm2. At the irradiation of low UV‐doses under 1.06 × 104 μW·sec/cm2, the viable count of legionellae recuperated by photoreactivation from UV‐damage increased with the exposure time under a white fluorescent lamp. However, in the samples irradiated with UV‐doses of over 3.52 × 104 μW·sec/cm2, equal to the FLONLIZER®, legionellae did not recuperate even after 18 hr illumination with a white fluorescent lamp. FLONLIZER® is thus expected to act as a sterilizer which can control the legionellae inhabiting cooling tower systems placed in outdoor space.

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“…In exposed workplaces such as operating rooms or localities for the production of sterile drugs, the airconditioning system includes air filtration complete with ultraviolet light disinfection (turned on only in the absence of workers, to prevent eye damage by ultraviolet light). Laboratory studies suggest that a number of antimicrobials may be of value, including calcium hypochlorite, dibromonitrilopropionamide, a chlorinated phenolic thioether, and some quaternary ammonium compounds, particularly if used in combination with tributyltinoxide (Skaliy et al, 1980;Grace et al, 1981;Kurtz et al, 1982). Air disinfection is sometimes carried out by germicidal radiators (Melichertik and Melichertikova, 1988) and chemical aerosols, e.g.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial Growth Control in Spray Humidifiers of Health Facilities

et al. 1993

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Some operators of climate installations still prefer the use of water humidifiers. Soaked surfaces and circulating water; together with impuritiesfiom the ventilation air, create a favourable environment for the growth of numerous microorganisms. Faulty operation of air‐conditioners can constitute a risk to health. This has been proved many times in cases of certain hospital‐acquired infections, a classic example being pneumonias caused by Legionella pneumophila. For this reason, the possibility of suppressing microbial contamination of circulating water in humidifis by using the oligodynamic potential of silver ions was investigated. Basic hygienic requirements were put fmard to ensure adequate quality of water in humidifis of air‐conditioning installations.

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Laboratory studies of disinfectants against Legionella pneumophila

Cited by 77 publications

References 5 publications

Legionella in water distribution systems

Legionella in water distribution systems

Effects of FLONLIZER®, Ultraviolet Sterilizer, on Legionella Species Inhabiting Cooling Tower Water

Microbial Growth Control in Spray Humidifiers of Health Facilities

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