Labour segmentation and precariousness in Spain

Fachelli

2021

Soc Indic Res

This article raises one main question in a comparative analytical exercise between two countries in different continents, Spain and Argentina. To what extent does labour market segmentation generate similar dynamics of structuring of labour inequalities in two countries with different socio-economic contexts and social models, and which aspects are specific to each country? The article is the first analytical work aimed at comparing European and Latin American countries from the theoretical perspective of labour market segmentation. We set two main objectives. The first was to construct an analysis model to study inequalities in the labour market in comparative terms between Europe and Latin America, taking as a reference Spain and Argentina. To this end, demand and supply variables were combined from an employment perspective. We sought to corroborate the general hypothesis that there is no single labour market that adjusts supply and demand, but that several segments can be expected to structure hierarchical positions in the labour market in line with specific labour supply profiles. We expected to obtain a high correspondence between the employment segments of the two countries, despite the contextual and socio-historical differences. The second objective was to propose a methodology to obtain two synthetic measures of labour market segmentation: first, a categorical measurement through a typology constructed from hierarchical positions and profiles using multivariate techniques (combining multiple correspondence factor analysis and cluster analysis); and second, a continuous measurement based on the results of factor analysis, resulting in a composite indicator of labour inequality.

Section: Theoretical Background and Analysis Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring labour market segmentation for a comparative analysis among countries

Fachelli

2021

Soc Indic Res

“…However, statistics show that it is actually a country that has maintained Europe's highest levels of atypical employment over time, due to the specificity of its employment model (Bosch et al 2009). There is no ignoring the persistence of a production structure and certain business strategies that have generated a labour market with high rates of temporary work and unemployment (Fina and Toharia 1987;Banyuls and Recio 2017). The Spanish employment model is identified as Mediterranean neoliberal (Banyuls et al 2009) where different characteristics are combined within a socioeconomic model resulting from rapid and profound changes in which structures and dynamics inherited from the dictatorship converge with major transformations that have been implanted in times of democracy.…”

Section: The Context Of the Spanish Labour Marketmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing Inequalities in the Labour Market from a Segmentation Perspective

Towards a Comparative Analysis of Social Inequalities Between Europe and Latin America

Semenza

Salvia

2020

The purpose of this chapter is to carry out a comparative analysis of labour markets in Europe and Latin America from the perspective of segmentation in order to explain the processes of social inequality that arise in the workplace, in light of recent trends in global socio-economic changes. The chapter proposes two main objectives. The first is to perform a comparative descriptive analysis of the main features of labour markets among 60 European and Latin American countries. The second objective is to propose a model of comparative analysis of labour inequality from the theoretical perspective of the segmentation of the labour market and structural heterogeneity. We will focus our analysis by selecting two countries, Spain and Argentina, which both underwent a late development of capitalism. The following general hypothesis is formulated: Spain and Argentina, having clearly differentiated features in economic structure, level of development, institutional frameworks and socio-historical processes, show common dynamics in the structuring of the capitalist labour market between a primary and secondary segment. Using equivalent databases on the workforce a typology of segmentation of employment is constructed that show, in addition to the specificities of each country, the similarities in the structuring of the labour market.

“…Pero esta modalidad de contratación siguió siendo la forma predominante de la nueva contratación. El marco de regulación del empleo temporal frente al empleo indefinido por el diferente tratamiento de los costes de despido y su utilización como estrategia empresarial de ajuste explica el mantenimiento de esta situación (Banyuls y Recio, 2017), así como la debilidad de las políticas de empleo implementadas para contrarrestar esas tendencias o, por el contrario, para fomentarlas en una tendencia general de desregulación e individualización de la relaciones laborales (Alós, Beneyto y Jódar, 2017). De hecho, en consonancia con la misma tendencia en Europa, las reformas políticas han buscado la flexibilización del mercado de trabajo y han encontrado en la contratación temporal atípica una clara vía de acción más allá de los sectores de baja productividad y ocupaciones de baja calidad (Molina y López-Roldán, 2015).…”

Section: Conclusiones Referencias Bibliográficas Anexounclassified

“…de regulación más o menos proclive, con las prácticas de gestión laboral de los empleadores/as (Banyuls et al, 2009), en particular, con la política de externalización de las empresas (Recio, 1991). Asimismo, el sector de actividad, el tamaño de la empresa o la capacidad de negociación de los trabajadores y trabajadoras son variables explicativas importantes, así como las características propias de la estructura productiva en la que se dan las dinámicas del mercado laboral (Fina y Toharia, 1987;Banyuls et al, 2017). La perspectiva teórica heterodoxa de la segmentación del mercado de trabajo apunta en esta dirección y recoge una tradición de varias décadas de análisis y explicación de los procesos de estructuración de los mercados de trabajo de las economías capitalistas.…”

Section: Perspectiva Teóricaunclassified

“…Planteamos una hipótesis general y dos hipótesis específicas. Entendemos que los procesos de producción de las empresas se inscriben en estrategias de segmentación con políticas de flexibilización y de subcontratación que permiten afrontar las exigencias de competitividad controlando los costes y las demandas de los trabajadores/as (Miguélez, 2004;Alòs, 2008;Banyuls y Recio, 2017). Así, como resultado, se combinan en mayor o menor medida, variando según el sector de la economía y el contexto de empresa particular, la existencia de trabajos flexibles con alta rotación cubiertos mediante contratación temporal que tienden a tener condiciones de trabajo precarias, frente a trabajos centrales para la producción con baja rotación cubiertos con contratación indefinida y empleos de mayor calidad, y estos también con diferencias internas relevantes.…”

Section: Hipótesisunclassified

See 1 more Smart Citation

Segmentación del empleo y apreciación de la educación en un modelo productivo anclado. Análisis comparativo entre España y Argentina

Fachelli

2019

PapRevSoc

Employment segmentation and appreciation of education in an anchored production model: Comparative analysis between Spain and Argentina This article addresses two main issues through a comparative analytical exercise of Spain and Argentina. Firstly, we examine to what extent labour market segmentation processes produce similar dynamics of structuring labour inequalities in both countries and what aspects are specific to a labour reality situated in different cultural, social, economic and historical contexts. In this regard, the general hypothesis establishes that there is no single labour market that adjusts supply and demand but rather diverse segments that structure hierarchical positions in the labour market according to specific labour supply profiles, and that the configuration of the employment segments in Spain and Argentina show a high correspondence. Secondly, given the structure of employment segmentation, we consider to what extent the misnamed 'occupational overeducation' of the labour force and the supposed devaluation of educational credentials occur in both countries. Understanding that the phenomenon should be viewed from the demand side and given the anchored and internally differentiated production systems of both countries, this phenomenon, which we prefer to call 'underoccupation', is of greater importance in Spain than in Argentina given the country's educational expansion and hence the greater difficulty to absorb the qualified workforce in the most productive sectors due to the inability of the productive model to create commensurate jobs.