The aim of this study is to develop
efficient enzyme immobilization
media that will enable the reuse of the biocatalysts over multiple
cycles, increase their thermal stability, and attenuate their activity
toward hydrophobic substrates for “green” transformations
in aqueous media. For this purpose, amphiphilic AB and ABA block copolymers
were synthesized and tested with laccase (a multicopper oxidase).
In all cases, the hydrophilic B block consisted of poly(ethylene glycol),
PEG, with molecular masses of 3, 5, 13, 20, or 13 kDa poly(ethylene
oxide). The hydrophobic A blocks were made of linear poly(styrene),
PS; hyperbranched poly(p-chloromethyl styrene); or
dendritic poly(benzyl ether)s of generations 2, 3, and 4 (G2, G3,
and G4) with molecular masses ranging from 1 to 24 kDa. A total of
23 different copolymers (self-assembling into micelles or physical
networks) were evaluated. Notable activity enhancements were achieved
with both micelles (up to 253%) and hydrogels (up to 408%). The highest
enzymatic activity and thermal stability were observed with laccase
immobilized in hydrogels consisting of the linear ABA block copolymer
PS2.7k–PEG3k–PS2.7k (13 290 μkat/L, 65
°C, ABTS test). This represents a 1245% improvement over native
laccase at the same conditions. At 25 °C, the same complex showed
a 1236% higher activity than the enzyme. The highest polymerization
yield for a water-insoluble monomer was achieved with laccase immobilized
in hydrogels composed of linear–dendritic ABA copolymer G3–PEG5k–G3
(85.5%, 45 °C, tyrosine monomer). The broad substrate specificity
and reusability of the immobilized laccase were also demonstrated
by the successful discoloration of bromophenol blue, methyl orange,
and rhodamine B over eight repetitive cycles.