Lack of Association of the Trp64Arg Polymorphism of .BETA.3-Adrenergic Receptor Gene with Energy Expenditure in Response to Caffeine Among Young Healthy Women

Abstract

A close relationship between coffee intake and certain metabolic disorders is known. Caffeine, one of coffee components, can increase energy expenditure (EE), but there are considerable individual differences in the caffeine effects on EE, and the causes have not been fully established in humans. The Arg allele in the β 3 -adrenergic receptor gene (β 3 -AR), a marker for obesity-related traits, may be a contributor to individual variations in EE. This study investigated the effect of the Arg allele of β 3 -AR on caffeine-induced increases in EE. In 44 healthy young women (21 ± 1 years), physical characteristics, blood pressure, biochemical profiles and dietary nutritional intake were measured. A caffeineloading test was conducted at a dosage of 4 mg per body weight (kg). EE was measured using an indirect open-circuit calorimeter for a 10-min period before, and at 30 min and 60 min after the caffeine-loading test. The β 3 -AR Trp64Arg polymorphism was detected with a PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism method. The frequency of the Arg allele was 24%. The distribution of the Trp/Trp, Trp/Arg, and Arg/Arg genotypes was 58%, 36%, and 6%, respectively. At the baseline, subjects with the Arg/Arg genotype had a significantly lower EE level than those with the Trp/Trp or Trp/Arg genotype. After the caffeine-loading test, there were caffeine-induced increases in EE in all genotypes, but there were no differences in the levels of increase among the genotypes. These findings suggest that the genotypes of β 3 -AR Trp64Arg polymorphism might be not associated with caffeine-induced increases in EE levels.β 3 -adrenergic receptor; polymorphism; caffeine; energy expenditure; genotype.Tohoku

Caffeine Intake and its Association with Disease Progression, Sleep Quality and Anxiety Symptoms and Nutritional Alterations in People Living with HIV in the Miami Adult Studies on HIV Cohort

“…Adverse effects of caffeine on energy deficits and weight loss were observed in many non-HIV infected populations. [51][52][53][54] In a long-term follow-up study of eighteen years, conducted in 1333 males and 4085 females with type-2 diabetes, there was a strong association between caffeine consumption (> 4 cups/day which is approximately >240 mg caffeine/day) and weight loss after controlling for age, baseline body weight, insulin and anti-diabetic drugs, physical activity and lifestyle factors. 51 Further analysis of the same study found a dose-response relationship between caffeine intake and weight loss.…”

“…They observed a 9-fold reduction in HIV-1 p24 antigen values in samples treated with caffeine, theobromine, paraxanthine or theophylline when compared to control solutions. 54 These analysis were controlled for confounding factors like solvents (Water vs 0.1% NaCl solution) used for different xanthine compounds, rate of growth of human peripheral mononuclear cells, differences in viral replications per unit time for different HIV-1 strains as well as the differences in reagents used for the experiment. 54 Adjustments were also made to account for variations in reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction procedures (RT-PCR), southern blotting assays for HIV gag sequences, as well as the primer-probes SK38, SK39, and SK19.…”

“…54 These analysis were controlled for confounding factors like solvents (Water vs 0.1% NaCl solution) used for different xanthine compounds, rate of growth of human peripheral mononuclear cells, differences in viral replications per unit time for different HIV-1 strains as well as the differences in reagents used for the experiment. 54 Adjustments were also made to account for variations in reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction procedures (RT-PCR), southern blotting assays for HIV gag sequences, as well as the primer-probes SK38, SK39, and SK19. 54 In another tissue culture study it was found that caffeine in doses of 10 µgm/liter significantly inhibited retroviral transduction of dividing …”

“…54 Adjustments were also made to account for variations in reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction procedures (RT-PCR), southern blotting assays for HIV gag sequences, as well as the primer-probes SK38, SK39, and SK19. 54 In another tissue culture study it was found that caffeine in doses of 10 µgm/liter significantly inhibited retroviral transduction of dividing …”

“…53,54 The World Health Organization (WHO) defines caffeine overuse as daily consumption beyond 500 mg/d. 55,56 Beyond this level caffeine produces visible adverse effects collectively known as 'caffeinism'.…”