Lactate levels in the brain are elevated upon exposure to volatile anesthetics: A microdialysis study

Horn, Tobias; Klein, Jochen

doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2010.09.014

Cited by 64 publications

(97 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…This increase in oxygen is associated with a decrease in neuronal activation and an increase in regional cerebral blood flow Lowry and Fillenz, 2001). The anaesthesia-induced increase in hippocampal glucose observed here in the normalised data analysis is in agreement with microdialysis data from the hippocampus (Horn and Klein, 2010) and the striatum (Fellows et al, 1992), radioactive tracing experiments in the cortex (McDougal et al, 1990) and glucose biosensors in the cortex (Netchiporouk et al, 2001). However, this change in hippocampal glucose was not reflected in the AUC analysis.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…The suppression of neural activity by anaesthesia and its effects on glucose in the brain has been previously demonstrated using a number of different anaesthetic agents, including chloral hydrate (Fellows et al, 1992;Fillenz and Lowry, 1998b;Lowry et al, 1998a;Lowry and Fillenz, 2001;Uematsu et al, 2009;Horn and Klein, 2010). Our data for hippocampal oxygen follows the same patterns observed in the striatum during chloral hydrate anaesthesia, namely an increase in tissue levels of oxygen during the period of anaesthesia with a return to baseline levels following the return to consciousness (Bolger and Lowry, 2005).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

“…Support for this comes from the growing body of evidence to suggest that the brain switches between glucose and lactate under different levels of activity (Dienel and Hertz, 2001). The utilisation of glucose by the brain has been suggested to be dependent on neuronal activity (Serres et al, 2005) and it has been shown that there is increased utilisation of lactate during chloral hydrate anaesthesia, suggesting that the brain switches to lactate as an energy source during this (Yamada et al, 2009) and other anaesthetic conditions (Serres et al, 2004;Horn and Klein, 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Simultaneous recording of hippocampal oxygen and glucose in real time using constant potential amperometry in the freely-moving rat

Kealy

Bennett

Lowry

2013

Journal of Neuroscience Methods

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h i g h l i g h t sWe show that average concentrations of hippocampal oxygen and glucose are 100.26 ± 5.76 M and 0.60 ± 0.06 mM respectively. We show that there are uncoupled changes in oxygen and glucose during neuronal activation. Anaesthesia and carbonic anhydrase inhibition both significantly increase hippocampal oxygen. Anaesthesia, dimethyl sulfoxide administration and carbonic anhydrase inhibition significantly increase hippocampal glucose. We show that changes in hippocampal metabolism can be detected in real time using constant potential amperometry. a r t i c l e i n f o t r a c tAmperometric sensors for oxygen and glucose allow for real time recording from the brain in freelymoving animals. These sensors have been used to detect activity-and drug-induced changes in metabolism in a number of brain regions but little attention has been given over to the hippocampus despite its importance in cognition and disease. Sensors for oxygen and glucose were co-implanted into the hippocampus and allowed to record for several days. Baseline recordings show that basal concentrations of hippocampal oxygen and glucose are 100.26 ± 5.76 M and 0.60 ± 0.06 mM respectively. Furthermore, stress-induced changes in neural activity have been shown to significantly alter concentrations of both analytes in the hippocampus. Administration of O 2 gas to the animals' snouts results in significant increases in hippocampal oxygen and glucose and administration of N 2 gas results in a significant decrease in hippocampal oxygen. Chloral hydrate-induced anaesthesia causes a significant increase in hippocampal oxygen whereas treatment with the carbonic anhydrase inhibitor acetazolamide significantly increases hippocampal oxygen and glucose. These findings provide real time electrochemical data for the hippocampus which has been previously impossible with traditional methods such as microdialysis or ex vivo analysis. As such, these sensors provide a window into hippocampal function which can be used in conjunction with behavioural and pharmacological interventions to further elucidate the functions and mechanisms of action of the hippocampus in normal and disease states.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Simultaneous recording of hippocampal oxygen and glucose in real time using constant potential amperometry in the freely-moving rat

Kealy

Bennett

Lowry

2013

Journal of Neuroscience Methods

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“…It should be mentioned that we also measured extracellular concentrations of lactate; however, lactate levels were strongly increased at the onset of anesthesia with isoflurane and therefore, were of little significance to monitor ischemia in our experiments (see [26] for further discussion). …”

Section: Effectsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Ginkgo Extract EGb761 Confers Neuroprotection by Reduction of Glutamate Release in Ischemic Brain

et al. 2012

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-Purpose -Ginkgo extract EGb761 has shown anti-edema and anti-ischemic effects in various experimental models. In the present study, we demonstrate neuroprotective effects of EGb761 in experimental stroke while monitoring brain metabolism by microdialysis. Methods -We have used oxygenglucose deprivation in brain slices in vitro and middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in vivo to induce ischemia in mouse brain. We used microdialysis in mouse striatum to monitor extracellular concentrations of glucose and glutamate. Results -In vitro, EGb761 reduced ischemia-induced cell swelling in hippocampal slices by 60%. In vivo, administration of EGb761 (300 mg/kg) reduced cell degeneration and edema formation after MCAO by 35-50%. Immediately following MCAO, striatal glucose levels dropped to 25% of controls, and this reduction was not significantly affected by EGb761. Striatal glutamate levels, in contrast, increased 15-fold after MCAO; after pretreatment with EGb761, glutamate levels only increased by 4-5fold. Conclusions -We show that pretreatment with EGb761 strongly reduces cellular edema formation and neurodegeneration under conditions of ischemia. The mechanism of action seems to be related to a reduction of excitotoxicity, because ischemia-induced release of glutamate was strongly suppressed. Ginkgo extracts such as EGb761 may be valuable to prevent ischemia-induced damage in stroke-prone patients.

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“…The slightly higher lactate level after ICU admission in group D points to decreased oxygen metabolism, rather than decreased energy demand, as the cause of decreased oxygen consumption. An increase of brain and blood lactate levels has recently been demonstrated in mice under isoflurane anaesthesia [21]. It is difficult to interpret the meaning of this information in the context of patients' clinical conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of haemodynamics and myocardial injury markers under desflurane vs. propofol anaesthesia for off-pump coronary surgery. A prospective randomised trial

Mroziński

Lango²,

Biedrzycka³

et al. 2014

Anaesthesiol Intensive Ther

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Background: Several studies have highlighted that volatile anaesthetics improve myocardial protection in cardiopulmonary bypass coronary surgery. However, the haemodynamic effect of desflurane in off-pump coronary surgery has not been clarified yet. Our study hypothesis was that desflurane-fentanyl anaesthesia could decrease myocardial injury markers and improve haemodynamics compared to propofol-fentanyl in patients undergoing off-pump coronary surgery. Methods: Design: Prospective randomised open-label study. Sixty elective patients with left ventricular ejection fraction above 30% received either desflurane (group D, n = 32) or propofol (group P, n = 28), in addition to fentanyl and vecuronium bromide anaesthesia for off-pump coronary surgery. Assessment of haemodynamic function included thermodilution continuous cardiac output and right ventricular end diastolic volume. Results: No significant differences in cardiac output, stroke volume and mean arterial pressure were noted between groups. The only observed difference in haemodynamic profile was that group D demonstrated improved stability, expressed as left ventricular stroke work index (LVSWI). Decrease in LVSWI after performing distal anastomoses was smaller in D compared to P (median value: -14.3 and -19.8 [g m m -2 beat -1 ]), respectively (P = 0.029). Oxygen uptake index (VO 2 I) and oxygen extraction ratio (OER) after skin incision were lower in D, while blood lactate concentration was slightly higher after surgery in D compared to P. The groups did not differ with respect to CK-MB and troponin I concentration. Conclusions: This study demonstrated no difference between desflurane and propofol anaesthesia for off-pump coronary surgery in major haemodynamic parameters, as well as in myocardial injury markers and the long-term outcome. However, the study indicated that desflurane might accelerate recovery of myocardial contractility, as assessed by LVSWI. Lower oxygen uptake and elevated lactate under desflurane anaesthesia indicated a discrete shift towards anaerobic metabolism. Clinical trial registration information: NCT00528515

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Lactate levels in the brain are elevated upon exposure to volatile anesthetics: A microdialysis study

Cited by 64 publications

References 37 publications

Simultaneous recording of hippocampal oxygen and glucose in real time using constant potential amperometry in the freely-moving rat

Simultaneous recording of hippocampal oxygen and glucose in real time using constant potential amperometry in the freely-moving rat

Ginkgo Extract EGb761 Confers Neuroprotection by Reduction of Glutamate Release in Ischemic Brain

Comparison of haemodynamics and myocardial injury markers under desflurane vs. propofol anaesthesia for off-pump coronary surgery. A prospective randomised trial

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