Lactic acid permeation rate in working gastrocnemii of dogs during metabolic alkalosis and acidosis

Hirche, Hj.; Hombach, Vinzenz; Langohr, H. D.; U, Wacker; Busse, J

doi:10.1007/bf00583833

Cited by 118 publications

(45 citation statements)

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“…Several researchers have shown enhanced membrane permeability to lactate as a result of extracellular alkalosis (18,40,41,63), but it is difficult to determine which factors cause this effect. Direct relations between lactate efflux and extracellular HCO3-concentrations have been shown (18,40,41,60), but these relations are clouded by the fact that extracellular Ht and HC03-concentrations are determined largely by strong ion concentrations (16). Thus these ionic concentrations and translocations may actually be the basis for the ergogenic effect.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several investigators (18,27,40,59,63) have observed a positive relationship between the rate of efflux of hydrogen ions and lactate from the cell and the extracellular pH and HCO,-concentration. Recently, Roth and Brooks (52) identified a cell membrane lactate transporter and found that the rate of transport was directly related to the extracellular pH.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Animal studies (18,40,41,59,60) have consistently shown significant benefits of induced allcalosis on the efflux of H+ and recovery from fatigue, while induced acidosis has had the opposite effect. In humans, at least 30 investigations have examined the potential ergogenic effect of NaHCO, ingestion.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Effects of Sodium Bicarbonate Ingestion on Anaerobic Performance: A Meta-Analytic Review

Matson¹,

Tran²

1993

International Journal of Sport Nutrition

130

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Many researchers have investigated the effects of induced metabolic alkalosis, by ingestion of sodium bicarbonate, on anaerobic exercise performance. But the results have been inconsistent and often contradictory. The purpose of this review was to synthesize the varied findings using a meta-analytic approach. Twenty-nine investigations met our inclusion criteria. Results show that NaHCO, ingestion clearly results in a more alkaline extracellular environment. The dosage, however, was only moderately related to the increase in pH and HC0,-. Overall, performance was enhanced but the range of effect sizes was large, -0.12 to 2.87. In studies that measured time to exhaustion, there was a mean 27*20% increase in duration. The treatment effect, however, was only weakly related to the degree of induced alkalosis. But in comparing the 19 studies that showed a positive treatment effect with the 16 that showed no effect, the former were associated with a greater increase in pH following ingestion of a somewhat larger dosage, and a greater decrease in pH with exercise.Key Words: bicarbonate loading, ergogenic aids, anaerobic, meta-analysis When exercise is of a near maximal intensity and lasts longer than approximately 20 to 30 seconds, the energy for this work is derived primarily from anaerobic glycolysis. While allowing for the rapid transfer of energy within the working muscle fibers themselves, the total capacity of this system is limited. Without the benefit of oxidative metabolism to remove hydrogen ions from the cell, there is a progressive increase in the acidity of the intracellular environment, resulting in fatigue and the inability to maintain the exercise intensity.The precise mechanism by which increasing acidosis causes muscular fatigue is not clear, but it has been suggested that the accumulation of hydrogen ions may directly inhibit the contractile process by inhibiting the release of Ca++ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum, as well as by reducing the activity of glycolytic enzymes and by impairing the propagation of neural impulses (23). As exercise progresses, various buffering mechanisms function to sequester hydrogen ions and thus forestall the decrement in blood and muscular pH. Eventually when

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Sodium Bicarbonate Ingestion on Anaerobic Performance: A Meta-Analytic Review

Matson¹,

Tran²

1993

International Journal of Sport Nutrition

130

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“…The intracellular accumulation of H + also depends on the extracellular H + concentration. H + efflux out of the muscle cell has been reported to be inhibited by extracellular acidosis 9 and enhanced by a greater extracellular buffer concentration 10 . It is therefore frequently hypothesized that increases in the extracellular buffer concentration, via the ingestion of an alkaline solution such as sodium bicarbonate 4 (NaHCO 3 ), may improve H + efflux out of the muscle cell and improve repeated-sprint performance 11 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sodium bicarbonate ingestion and individual variability in time-to-peak pH

Sparks

Williams

Robinson

et al. 2016

Research in Sports Medicine

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The aim of this study was to determine the individual variability in time to peak pH after the consumption of a 300mg . kg -1 dose of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO 3 ). Seventeen active males volunteered to participate in the study (mean ± SD: age 21.38 ± 1.5y; mass 75.8 ± 5.8kg; height 176.8 ± 7.6cm). Participants reported to the laboratory where a resting capillary blood sample was taken aseptically from the fingertip. After this, 300 mg . kg -1 of NaHCO 3 in 400ml of water with 50ml of flavoured cordial was ingested.Participants then rested for 90 min during which repeated blood samples were procured at 10 minute intervals for 60 mins and then every 5 min until 90 min. Blood pH concentrations were measured using a blood gas analyser. Results suggested that time to peak pH (64.41±18.78 min) was highly variable with a range of 10-85 min and a coefficient of variation of 29.16%. A bi-modal distribution occurred, at 65 and 75 min. In conclusion, researchers and athletes, when using NaHCO 3 as an ergogenic aid, should determine, in advance their time to peak pH to best utilise the added buffering capacity this substance allows.

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“…It is only slightly sensitive to internal pH but is strongly dependent on the external pH. Some authors have observed that alkalosis enhances (Hirche et al, 1975) and acidosis inhibits (Hirche et al, 1975;Spriet et al, 1985) the rate of lactate exit from the cell.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of temperature and extracellular pH on metabolites: kinetics of anaerobic metabolism in resting muscle by 31P- and 1H-NMR spectroscopy

Vezzoli

Gussoni

Greco

et al. 2003

Journal of Experimental Biology

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Muscle metabolism is susceptible to a variety of stressing agents affecting particularly the overall rate of energy turnover. As is well known, temperature is a key environmental determinant of the activity of cellular multienzyme systems, such as muscle. In fact, this variable determines the kinetics and flux throughout biochemical pathways, particularly metabolic rates. Another key environmental determinant of cellular multienzyme system activity is intracellular pH. In general, owing to the presence of pH-sensitive ionizing groups, enzymes are active only over a limited range of pH with a definite optimum. Moreover, extracellular acidosis has been shown to play a key role in metabolic processes (Hood et al., 1988). Also, severe hypoxia and anoxia may modulate the ATP demand by the cell (Hochachka, 1986a,b). Skeletal muscle is known to be one of the most hypoxia-tolerant tissues and, in O2-limiting conditions, can survive by means of a metabolic depression, thereby saving substrates and reducing deleterious end-product formation.Ectothermic vertebrates, such as the frog, that normally experience rapid and large variations in body temperature (T) and consequent acid-base state changes, based on physicochemical adaptations (Boutilier, 2001), appear to tolerate such changes with minimal metabolic disturbances. The effects of temperature variations on acid-base balance regulation mechanisms have been well documented (Reeves, 1969). The 'in vivo' blood pH of most studied ectothermic species decreases as temperature increases with a slope close to -0.018·pH·units·°C -1 (Malan et al., 1976). It has been suggested that ∆pH/∆T changes of such an extent can keep the histidine groups of proteins at an almost constant dissociation state (alphastat hypothesis; Reeves, 1972 Environmental stress, such as low temperature, extracellular acidosis and anoxia, is known to play a key role in metabolic regulation. The aim of the present study was to gain insight into the combined temperature-pH regulation of metabolic rate in frog muscle, i.e. an anoxia-tolerant tissue. The rate of exergonic metabolic processes occurring in resting isolated muscles was determined at 15°C and 25°C as well as at extracellular pH values higher (7.9), similar (7.3) and lower (7.0) than the physiological intracellular pH. 31 P and 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy high-resolution measurements were carried out at 4.7·T in isolated frog (Rana esculenta) gastrocnemius muscle during anoxia to assess, by means of reference compounds, the concentration of all phosphate metabolites and lactate. Intra-and extracellular pH was also determined.In the range of examined temperatures (15-25°C), the temperature dependence of anaerobic glycolysis was found to be higher than that of PCr depletion (Q 10 =2.3). High-energy phosphate metabolism was confirmed to be the initial and preferential energy source. The rate of phosphocreatine hydrolysis did not appear to be affected by extracellular pH changes. By contrast, independent of the intracellular pH value, at ...

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Lactic acid permeation rate in working gastrocnemii of dogs during metabolic alkalosis and acidosis

Cited by 118 publications

References 20 publications

Effects of Sodium Bicarbonate Ingestion on Anaerobic Performance: A Meta-Analytic Review

Effects of Sodium Bicarbonate Ingestion on Anaerobic Performance: A Meta-Analytic Review

Sodium bicarbonate ingestion and individual variability in time-to-peak pH

Effects of temperature and extracellular pH on metabolites: kinetics of anaerobic metabolism in resting muscle by 31P- and 1H-NMR spectroscopy

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