Lactobacillus casei strain GG reverses increased intestinal permeability induced by cow milk in suckling rats

Isolauri, Erika; Majamaa, Heli; Arvola, Taina; Rantala, Immo; Virtanen, Elina; Arvilommi, Heikki

doi:10.1016/0016-5085(93)91059-q

Cited by 318 publications

(176 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…In contrast to animal studies in colitis or cow milk-induced increased permeability 16,17 we did not observe any changes in the gastroduodenal or small intestinal gut permeability after 3 months of food supplementation with L. casei Shirota. This could be due to several reasons.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

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The influence of probiotic supplementation on gut permeability in patients with metabolic syndrome: an open label, randomized pilot study

et al. 2012

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BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Obesity and metabolic disorders are linked to inflammation via gut microbiota and/or gut permeability. Gut-derived endotoxin triggers inflammation leading to metabolic syndrome (MetS) and contributing to oxidative stress. We intended to investigate the effect of Lactobacillus casei Shirota on gut permeability, presence of endotoxin and neutrophil function in MetS. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Patients with MetS were randomized to receive 3 Â 6.5 Â 10 9 CFU L. casei Shirota (probiotic group) or not for 3 months. Gut permeability was assessed by a differential sugar absorption method and by determination of diaminooxidase serum levels, endotoxin by an adapted limulus amoebocyte lysate assay, neutrophil function and toll-like receptor (TLR) expression by flow cytometry and ELISA was used to detect lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP) and soluble CD14 (sCD14) levels. RESULTS: Twenty-eight patients and 10 healthy controls were included. Gut permeability was significantly increased in MetS compared with controls but did not differ between patient groups. None of the patients were positive for endotoxin. LBP and sCD14 levels were not significantly different from healthy controls. High-sensitive C-reactive protein and LBP levels slightly but significantly increased after 3 months within the probiotics group. Neutrophil function and TLR expression did not differ from healthy controls or within the patient groups. CONCLUSIONS: Gut permeability of MetS patients was increased significantly compared with healthy controls. L. casei Shirota administration in the MetS patients did not have any influence on any parameter tested possibly due to too-short study duration or underdosing of L. casei Shirota.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…In rats and mice L. casei is able to improve gut permeability. 16,17 Probiotics are a promising strategy to influence gut microbiota and gut permeability. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effect of a probiotic (L. casei Shirota) on (i) gut permeability, (ii) presence of endotoxin and (iii) neutrophil function in subjects with MetS.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of probiotic supplementation on gut permeability in patients with metabolic syndrome: an open label, randomized pilot study

et al. 2012

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“…Dietary supply of probiotic bacteria stimulates IgA immune response (Kaila et al, 1992) and the transport of target antigens through Peyer's patches (Isolauri et al, 1993). Peyer's patches are one of the primary sites in the gut mucous membrane where specific immune responses are performed.…”

Section: Immunomodulation Of Immune Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

Lactic acid bacteria, probiotics and immune system

Herich¹,

Levkut²

2002

Vet. Med. - Czech

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Mucous membranes of the body are in direct contact with the outside environment and they are colonised by a large number of different bacteria. Through mucous membranes, the organism is in permanent con-tact with different antigens. Mucous surfaces are protected by many defence mechanisms that ensure a permanent and effective protection. They include the production of secretory IgA, the production of mucus, cytoprotective peptides, defensins etc. Indigenous microflora markedly affects the structure of the host mucous, its function, and the development of the whole immune system. Protective microflora prevents pathogens from adhering by competi-tion for substrates and places of adhesion, and they simultaneously produce antibacterial substances and stimulate the production of specific antibodies and mucus. The early colonisation of the gut with living micro-organisms is important for the development of the gut protection barrier. The number of immune and epithelial cells increases. Probiotic micro-organisms including lactic acid bacteria (LAB) positively influence the composition of the gut microflora; they stimulate the production of secretory IgA; they affect the targeted transportation of the luminal antigens to Peyer’s patches and they increase the production of IFN-g. LAB stimulate the activity of non-specific and specific immune cells. These properties of the LAB depend on the particular species or strain of bacteria. These singularities are probably determined by differences in the cell wall composition. LAB belong to a group of benefi-cially acting bacteria and they are able to eliminate damage to the gut microenvironment; they stimulate local and systemic immune responses and they maintain the integrity of the gut wall.

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“…Stimulating a bacterial immune response might offer a means of restoring the mucosal barrier. Although some micro-organisms found in the GI tract are opportunistic and may become pathogenic, others, such as lactobacilli, are thought to promote the development of the mucosal barrier by stimulation of immune response (Isolauri et al 1993). Additionally, in some instances systemic immune response may be directly augmented by dietary addition of lactobacilli (Schiffrin et al 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction of early diet and the development of the immune system

Gil

Rueda

2002

Nutr. Res. Rev.

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The present review focuses on the specific effects of nutrients on the development of the immune system in early life. There is a big gap regarding the specific mechanisms that regulate immunity at the intestinal level and their impact in the systemic immune function. For this reason, during the last few years there has been great interest in ascertaining the mechanisms that regulate the intestinal immune function, as well as to understand how specific nutrients interact with the gut-associated lymphoid tissue. We have reviewed this topic with special emphasis on how human milk, and its components, influence the early development of intestinal immunity in breast-fed infants compared with formula-fed infants. Interactions between nutrients and intestinal microbiota have also been reviewed. Some micronutrients such as nucleotides and gangliosides, which are present in human milk and also in most foods, are able to influence immune functionality at very low concentrations. The specific action of these micronutrients on some parameters of immunity, as well as their potential mechanisms of action, have been considered in detail. However, there are limited data on how other specific nutrients, namely protein and non-protein N-containing compounds, lipids, carbohydrates, and others, such as minerals, vitamins, fibre, non-nutritional dietary compounds (flavonoids, carotenoids, phyto-oestrogens, etc), influence immunity. In the present review we have provided data regarding the potential effects of these compounds on the immune response in early life. The increasing use of functional foods by the public to improve their general health and prevent the incidence of chronic diseases has become a major area of interest within the nutrition community. Of the many functional foods available, probiotics have been most studied in infancy and childhood, particularly with regard to the prevention of allergic diseases. Infant formulae and fermented milks containing large quantities of probiotics are produced and

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Lactobacillus casei strain GG reverses increased intestinal permeability induced by cow milk in suckling rats

Cited by 318 publications

References 32 publications

The influence of probiotic supplementation on gut permeability in patients with metabolic syndrome: an open label, randomized pilot study

The influence of probiotic supplementation on gut permeability in patients with metabolic syndrome: an open label, randomized pilot study

Lactic acid bacteria, probiotics and immune system

Interaction of early diet and the development of the immune system

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