Lactobacillus casei Strain Shirota Alleviates Constipation in Adults by Increasing the Pipecolinic Acid Level in the Gut

Abstract

The benefits of probiotics for constipation are widely accepted, but the mechanisms involving gut metabolites are unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota (LcS) on constipated patients and revealed that a metabolite mediator is involved in the LcS-induced constipation alleviation. Sixteen constipated patients and 22 non-constipated participants were recruited. The subjects consumed 100 mL of an LcS beverage (10 8 CFU/mL) per day for 28 days. The fecal non-volatile metabolites were determined by GC/MS, and the targeted metabolites were further verified in a constipated mouse model. In constipated patients, LcS intervention significantly improved defecation frequency (from 4.81 to 7.81 times per week, p < 0.05), stool consistency (from 2.52 to 3.68, p < 0.05) and constipation-related symptoms. A total of 14 non-volatile fecal metabolites were obtained as potential constipation-related metabolites that were regulated by LcS. Among these metabolites, pipecolinic acid (PIPA) had a significant positive correlation with defecation frequency in constipated patients. PIPA significantly promoted the small intestinal propulsive rate (from 25.45 to 39.68%) and increased the number of fecal pellets (from 30.38 to 57.38 pellets) in constipated mice ( p < 0.05). The 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and acetylcholine (ACh) in colonic tissue may be partly involved in PIPA-mediated constipation alleviation. In conclusion, PIPA was a metabolic mediator in the gut that participated in LcS-induced constipation alleviation.

Modulation of Gastrointestinal Bacterial in Chronic Atrophic Gastritis Model Rats by Chinese and West Medicine Intervention

“…The phylum of Bacteroides including potential pathogen that could be disturb the immune function, and reduced in QHY treated rats that result revealed the inhabitation of potential pathogen. Faecalibacterium and Roseburia were involved butyrate generating, Faecalibacterium was known as functionally bacterial derived from salicylic acids and butyrate and anti-in ammatory molecule producing (Ou et al, 2019). Lactobacilli was considered and well-known as probiotic and the RA were signi cantly decreased in antibiotic feed model rats that would be impair intestinal metabolism, similar with Jaan et al (2020) and Iino et al (2018).…”

The Link between Oral and Gut Microbiota in Inflammatory Bowel Disease and a Synopsis of Potential Salivary Biomarkers

“…LcS is a rod-shaped lactic acid bacterium linked to improved immune responses and gut barrier function. In a study by Ou et al, symptoms of constipation were ameliorated, and gastric emptying improved after adults were given a LcS probiotic drink [126]. Interestingly, levels of acetylcholine (Ach) and serotonin (5-HT) also increased when compared to controls [126].…”

“…In a study by Ou et al, symptoms of constipation were ameliorated, and gastric emptying improved after adults were given a LcS probiotic drink [126]. Interestingly, levels of acetylcholine (Ach) and serotonin (5-HT) also increased when compared to controls [126]. There is also some evidence suggesting probiotic supplementation of LcS may help to ameliorate DSS-induced colitis in mice [127], improve fasting plasma glucose as well as prevent weight gain in humans fed a high fat diet [128].…”

Formulation of traditional Chinese medicine and its application on intestinal flora of constipated rats

“…At the same time, Lactobacillus can promote intestinal peristalsis, metabolize short chain fatty acids and other bene cial products, and promote intestinal health. By GC/ MS and targeted metabolites, Lactobacillus casei strains were found to signi cantly improve defecation frequency, and 14 kinds of nonvolatile fecal metabolites, as possible constipation related metabolites, were regulated by Lactobacillus casei [8]. In the next step of this study, we would like to build the constipation model of germ-free mice, transplant Lactobacillus into aseptic mice to explore the speci c mechanism of improving constipation, and combine 16S rRNA sequencing technology with metabolome to explore the mechanism.…”

“…However, if the feces of patients with constipation stay in the intestine for a long time, it may change the number and type of normal intestinal micro ora, metabolic molecules of intestinal micro ora, such as methane and short chain fatty acids. Between the micro ora and the host immune system plays an important role in the pathogenesis of chronic constipation [6,8].…”