Lactulose production from efficient isomerization of lactose catalyzed by recyclable sodium aluminate

Preparation of high‐purity lactulose through efficient recycling of catalyst sodium aluminate and nanofiltration: a pilot‐scale purification

“…Residual Al in the lactulose syrup was determined via a Perkin Elmer Optima 8300 ICP‐MS instrument (Shanghai, China). Aluminum standard was used for the quantification of residual Al . Conductivity (permeate liquid and retenate liquid) was measured using a Mettler Toledo FE 30 conductivity meter (Shanghai, China).…”

“…However, the complicated downstream elimination and waste pollution regarding the removal of complexing catalysts has been proved to be time‐consuming, energy‐intensive, costly and even prohibitive . Previously we reported a simple and efficient method to remove sodium aluminate in the form of Al(OH) 3 precipitate . However, removal of residual aluminum and impurities is still necessary.…”

Obtainment, quantification and use of lactulose as a functional food – a review

“…Besides calcium hydroxide, other catalysts that have been used are sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium carbonate (Harr & Pluim, 1991;Deya & Takahashi, 1991;Dendene et al, 1994;Zokaee et al, 2002), sodium sulfite (Gasparotti, 1981), sodium aluminate, magnesium oxide (Wang et al, 2017), boric acid (Hicks & Parrish, 1980;Hicks et al, 1984), and organic alkaline reagents, such as tertiary amines (Parrish, 1970;Dendene et al, 1994;Zokaee et al, 2002). However, these catalysts provide low yields because some undesirable products are also formed during the process (Hicks & Parrish, 1980;Mizota et al, 1987).…”

“…The industrial applications of the Lobry de Bruyn-Alberda van Ekenstein rearrangement allow a maximum disaccharide yield of only 30% but the optimizations performed in a continuous flow process in the presence of complexing agents, enable the yield to achieve 88% (Schuster-Wolff-Bühring et al, 2010;Wang et al, 2017). This reaction essentially transforms the aldehyde group of a reducing sugar into a ketone group, through enolization that is improved by high temperature.…”

“…Chromatographic columns containing NH 2 as ionic form use a mixture of acetonitrile and water as eluent (Chen et al, 2003;Adamczak et al, 2009;Saron, 2003;Wang et al, 2017). Columns containing Pb 2+ uses only ultrapure water as eluent ( Acquaro et al, 2013;Zimmer et al, 2017).…”