Lagged Cells

Saul, Alan

doi:10.1159/000111564

Cited by 15 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…6D), we obtain an optimal value of 50 ms, instead of the 10 ms first introduced (see the Material and methods section). This value is actually in accordance with several studies investigating the temporal latencies of non-lagged thalamic cells in response to retinal cells stimulation (Mastronarde, 1987;Hartveit and Heggelund, 1992;Saul and Humphrey, 1990), see recent review of Saul (2008). Increasing the latency scatter of the LGN inputs (see bottom PSTH) provides the expected effect, i.e.…”

Section: Temporal Evolution Of the Modeled Vsd Signalsupporting

confidence: 90%

A biophysical cortical column model to study the multi-component origin of the VSDI signal

Chemla

Chavane

2010

NeuroImage

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Section: Temporal Evolution Of the Modeled Vsd Signalsupporting

confidence: 90%

A biophysical cortical column model to study the multi-component origin of the VSDI signal

Chemla

Chavane

2010

NeuroImage

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“…Humphrey (1990, 1992;Humphrey and Saul, 2002;Saul, 2008) have provided evidence that combining lagged and nonlagged cell inputs in cortex can generate direction-selective neurons. The complementary nature of responses of lagged and nonlagged LGN neurons to temporally modulated luminance spots provides a potential mechanism of generating direction selectivity.…”

Section: Temporal Diversity As a Substrate For Constructing Directionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such phase-dependent addition/subtraction is referred to as spatiotemporal quadrature (Watson and Ahumada, 1985). As Saul (2008) notes, finding quarter-cycle offset in the spatial domain is relatively easy (i.e. spatially offset receptive fields).…”

Section: Temporal Diversity As a Substrate For Constructing Directionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…But the potent feedforward inhibition that dominates the lagged cell's response supports such delays (phase shifts), resulting in response profiles in or near spatiotemporal quadrature (it need not be exact). Variance in visual latencies contribute to this as well because of the temporal integration required to implement the phase shifts (Saul, 2008).…”

Section: Temporal Diversity As a Substrate For Constructing Directionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Efforts by Saul and Humphrey (Saul and Humphrey, 1992;Humphrey and Saul, 2002;Saul, 2008) indicate directional selectivity can emerge from the diversity in response timing associated with lagged and nonlagged LGN cells. Whereas most cortical models involve inhibitory elements at the level of cortex to implement direction selectivity, the inhibition here emerges from the powerful feedforward inhibition at the level of the LGN that defines the lagged cell (Mastronarde, 1987b).…”

Section: Commentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The multifunctional lateral geniculate nucleus

Weyand

2016

Reviews in the Neurosciences

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AbstractProviding the critical link between the retina and visual cortex, the well-studied lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) has stood out as a structure in search of a function exceeding the mundane ‘relay’. For many mammals, it is structurally impressive: Exquisite lamination, sophisticated microcircuits, and blending of multiple inputs suggest some fundamental transform. This impression is bolstered by the fact that numerically, the retina accounts for a small fraction of its input. Despite such promise, the extent to which an LGN neuron separates itself from its retinal brethren has proven difficult to appreciate. Here, I argue that whereas retinogeniculate coupling is strong, what occurs in the LGN is judicious pruning of a retinal drive by nonretinal inputs. These nonretinal inputs reshape a receptive field that under the right conditions departs significantly from its retinal drive, even if transiently. I first review design features of the LGN and follow with evidence for 10 putative functions. Only two of these tend to surface in textbooks: parsing retinal axons by eye and functional group and gating by state. Among the remaining putative functions, implementation of the principle of graceful degradation and temporal decorrelation are at least as interesting but much less promoted. The retina solves formidable problems imposed by physics to yield multiple efficient and sensitive representations of the world. The LGN applies context, increasing content, and gates several of these representations. Even if the basic concentric receptive field remains, information transmitted for each LGN spike relative to each retinal spike is measurably increased.

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Heterochrony of postnatal accumulation of nonphosphorylated heavy‐chain neurofilament by neurons of the cat dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus

Mikhalkin

Nikitina

Merkulyeva

2020

J of Comparative Neurology

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Accumulation of the heavy-chain neurofilaments reflects the maturation status of neuronal structures. The spatial distribution and postnatal developmental dynamic of neurons expressing nonphosphorylated heavy-chain neurofilaments (labeled by SMI-32 antibody) were analyzed in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (LGNd) of the cat. Both interlaminar and intralaminar differences in the dynamic of SMI-32 staining were observed. The following results were obtained: (a) Ascending dorsoventral gradient in the density of SMI-32 immunopositive (SMI-32(+)) neurons (the greatest neuronal density in layer Cm, the minor in the top sublayer of layer A). This gradient was most prominent at the earliest stages of postnatal development (1st-2nd weeks) and slowly flattened up to adulthood; (b) Layer A1 exhibits increases in SMI-32-positive cells earlier than layer A; (c) The general transient increment in the number and density of SMI-32(+) neurons around 2-5 postnatal weeks. Since SMI-32 antibody is considered to be a putative marker for Y cells forming a motion processing stream, we suggest that peculiarities of SMI-32 staining at geniculate level could reflect the heterogeneity of Y cell subpopulations and the heterochrony of their postnatal maturation.

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Lagged Cells

Cited by 15 publications

References 69 publications

A biophysical cortical column model to study the multi-component origin of the VSDI signal

A biophysical cortical column model to study the multi-component origin of the VSDI signal

The multifunctional lateral geniculate nucleus

Heterochrony of postnatal accumulation of nonphosphorylated heavy‐chain neurofilament by neurons of the cat dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus

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