Lagus and Arsinoe: An Exploration of Legendary Royal Bastardy

Ruiter, Branko F. van Oppen de

doi:10.25162/historia-2013-0004

historia

2013

DOI: 10.25162/historia-2013-0004

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Lagus and Arsinoe: An Exploration of Legendary Royal Bastardy

Branko F. van Oppen de Ruiter¹

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Cited by 3 publications

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Berenike Phernophoros and Other Virgin Queens in Early-Ptolemaic Egypt

Coşkun

2022

Klio

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Summary The main function of Hellenistic queenship is increasingly understood as contributing to the definition of the basileus. The early Ptolemies produced the most peculiar version of the ‘sister queen’, known throughout the Near East as an ideological construct, but taken literally in Egypt from the time of Ptolemy II Philadelphos (285/282–246) and Arsinoe II Philadelphos (278/275–270), the ‘Sibling-Lovers’. The most famous example of a ‘virgin queen’ is Berenike, the daughter of Ptolemy III Euergetes and Berenike II, best known from the Kanopos Decree, which regulated her posthumous cult (238). Often understood as a merely honorary title for some or potentially all princesses in Alexandria, the basilissa title of unmarried girls has found little scholarly attention so far. Altogether, there are surprisingly few royal daughters for whom we have clear evidence: besides the aforesaid Berenike, her sister Arsinoe III (died 204) and previously Berenike (later known as Phernophoros, died 246), the daughter of the Philadelphoi. Claims that Arsinoe II or her sister Philotera had enjoyed the same status at the court of Ptolemy I Soter (323–282) cannot be substantiated, so that their basilissa titles should be explained by marriage with a king. The phenomenon of virgin queenship was thus of limited duration. It is best interpreted as a ramification of an emphatically endogamous royal dynasty: Ptolemy II and Ptolemy III pledged their most distinguished daughter to the future successor even before he had been chosen from among his brothers.

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Berenike Phernophoros and Other Virgin Queens in Early-Ptolemaic Egypt

Coşkun

2022

Klio

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Mithridates Eupator ve Nikomedes Euergetes’in Paphlagonia ve Kappadokia Politikaları: İlişkiler, Evlilikler ve Etkileşim

Bora¹

2018

Çeşm-I Cihan (Tarih Kültür Ve Sanat Araştırmaları Dergisi) E-Dergisi

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Öz: Çalışmanın konusunu MÖ. 2. yüzyıl sonları ile MÖ. 1. yüzyılın ikinci çeyreğine kadar olan dönemde Pontos ile Bithynia Krallıkları arasındaki ilişkiler oluşturmaktadır. Mithridates VI Eupator'un batıya, Nikomedes III Euergetes'in doğuya doğru genişleme stratejilerinin uygulamaya konduğu bir süreçte gelişmeye başlayan etkileşim, her iki Hellenistik Krallığın Paphlagonia ve Kappadokia Bölgeleri üzerinde yoğunlaştıkları ve Roma'nın Provincia Asia tasarruflarının ardından Anadolu yerel krallıklarının iç işlerine fiili müdahalesine işaret etmektedir. Mithridates Eupator, Nikomedes Euergetes ve Nikomedes Philopator arasında kökenleri Pontos'a dayanan Kappadokia saray mensupları, Prenses Nysa ve Kraliçe Laodike aracılığıyla kurulan bağların ardında yatan ekonomik, siyasal ve kişisel eğilimlerden kaynaklanan nedenler, kraliyet mensupları arasındaki evlilik bağları, antik diplomasi ve bölge arkeolojisi desteğinde irdelenmeye çalışılmaktadır. MÖ. 2. yüzyılın sonralarında Paphlagonia ve Kappadokia'nın gerek siyasi ve gerekse bölgesel anlamda edilgen durumunun Pontos ve Bithynia açısından önemli bir avantaj oluşturduğu ortama Senatus'un müdahil oluşu ve Anadolu'da birbirleriyle mücadele içerisindeki bu güçlerin beklentileri, başta yöneticilerin ve ardından krallıkların kariyerlerini ve kaderlerini belirlemiş gibi görünmektedir. Hanedanlar arasında gönüllü ya da gönülsüz olarak gerçekleştirilen evlilikler kimi zaman ittifaklara kimi zaman ise ciddi çatışmalara yol açmış, her iki durumda da Paphlagonia ve Kappadokia, Mithridates Eupator ve Nikomedes Euergetes arasında önemli roller üstlenmiştir. Pontos ve Bithynia Krallıkları bakımından çekiciliğini hiç bir zaman kaybetmeyen bu bölgeler, ortama Roma'nın dahil oluşuyla birlikte sonlarının da en önemli sebebini meydana getirecek ve iki krallık MÖ. 1. yüzyılın ikinci çeyreğinde yok olurlarken aralarındaki bağların en son temsilcileri olan Orsabaris, Lykomedes ve Orodaltis isimleri, yakında birleştirilerek yeniden düzenlenecek olan Bithynia et Pontus Eyaleti'nde yankılanacaktır.

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Monsters of Military Might: Elephants in Hellenistic History and Art

Ruiter

2019

Arts

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Elephants were first deployed in warfare by Indian and Persian armies. The Greco-Macedonian troops first encountered these fearsome creatures in battle during the campaign of Alexander the Great. Subsequently, the Successors and later Hellenistic rulers similarly used elephants in battle. From this time, the animal began to appear in Greco-Roman art. Tracing the appearance of the elephant in Hellenistic history and art, I suggest that the elephant not only continued to be associated with its Asian and African origins and came to symbolize military triumph over exotic foes, it retained religious and mythic proportions as a fearsome, fabulous monster connected with the martichora and unicorn, griffon and sphinx, dragon and hippocampus. In particular, I re-examined the posthumous portrait of Alexander the Great in which he wears an elephant scalp as a headdress, similar to Heracles’ lion scalp. This deified portraiture not only depicts Alexander as descendant of Heracles and Dionysus, both sons of Zeus, but also—through connections with Ammon and Indra—as the legitimate ruler of the three continents of the known world, Europe, Africa, and Asia.

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Lagus and Arsinoe: An Exploration of Legendary Royal Bastardy

Cited by 3 publications

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Berenike Phernophoros and Other Virgin Queens in Early-Ptolemaic Egypt

Berenike Phernophoros and Other Virgin Queens in Early-Ptolemaic Egypt

Mithridates Eupator ve Nikomedes Euergetes’in Paphlagonia ve Kappadokia Politikaları: İlişkiler, Evlilikler ve Etkileşim

Monsters of Military Might: Elephants in Hellenistic History and Art

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