Laminated zones in carious human dental enamel

Palamara, Joseph E.A.; Phakey, P. P.; Rachinger, W.A.; Orams, H. J.

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0714.1986.tb00587.x

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The use of crystal growth inhibitors such as Zn in combination with F may be useful in cases when F is applied topically at relatively high concentrations, from toothpastes and gels, and where lesion arrest is likely or indeed the aim. Laminations, as seen in the lesions exposed to Zn/F, are a natural phenomenon, occurring in between 5 and 22% of ex vivo white-spot caries lesions, where values have been reported [Kostlan, 1962;Crabb, 1966;Silverstone, 1970;Driessens et al, 1986;Palamara et al, 1986;Theuns, 1987]. The lamination observed in our Zn/F lesions may be an exaggerated form of this naturally occurring structure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Effects of Zinc and Fluoride on the Remineralisation of Artificial Carious Lesions under Simulated Plaque Fluid Conditions

et al. 2011

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The aim was to study the effects of zinc (Zn) and fluoride (F) on remineralisation at plaque fluid concentrations. Artificial carious lesions were created in 2 acid-gel demineralising systems (initially infinitely undersaturated and partially saturated with respect to enamel) giving lesions with different mineral distribution characteristics (high and low R values, respectively) but similar integrated mineral loss values. Lesions of both types were assigned to 1 of 4 groups and remineralised for 5 days at 37°C. Zn and F were added, based on plaque fluid concentrations 1 h after application, to give 4 treatments: 231 µmol/l Zn, 10.5 µmol/l F, Zn/F combined and an unmodified control solution (non-F/non-Zn). Subsequently remineralisation was measured using microradiography. High-R lesions were analysed for calcium, phosphorus, F and Zn using electron probe micro-analysis. All lesions underwent statistically significant remineralisation. For low-R lesions, remineralisation was in the order F^a < non-F/non-Zn^a < Zn^{a, b} < Zn/F^b, and for high-R lesions F^a < non-F/non-Zn^b < Zn^b < Zn/F^c (treatments with the same superscript letter not significantly different, at p < 0.05). Qualitatively, remineralisation occurred throughout non-F/non-Zn and Zn groups, predominantly at the surface zone (F) and within the lesion body (Zn/F). Electron probe micro-analysis revealed Zn in relatively large amounts in the outer regions (Zn, Zn/F). F was abundant not only at the surface (F), but also in the lesion body (Zn/F). Calcium:phosphate ratios were similar to hydroxyapatite (all). To conclude, under static remineralising conditions simulating plaque fluid, Zn/F treatment gave significantly greater remineralisation than did F treatment, possibly because Zn in the Zn/F group maintained greater surface zone porosity compared with F, facilitating greater lesion body remineralisation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Effects of Zinc and Fluoride on the Remineralisation of Artificial Carious Lesions under Simulated Plaque Fluid Conditions

et al. 2011

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“…The presence of cyclic laminations has been reported in naturally occurring carious lesions [Kidd and Joyston-Bechal, 1980;Gallagher et al, 1983;Palamara et al, 1986]. The laminated zone, which occurs in natural carious le sions, is known to be less demineralized than the surround ing enamel in the body of the lesion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An in vitro Microbial Model for Studying Secondary Caries Formation

Fontana¹,

Dunipace²,

Gregory

et al. 1996

Caries Res

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Secondary caries is a major reason for the replacement of restorations. Because it is hypothesized that the development of secondary caries is closely associated with pathogenic oral bacteria, an in vitro microbial model has been developed to produce secondary carious lesions. A mixture of overnight cultures of Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus casei in dextrose-free trypticase soy broth, supplemented with 5% sucrose (TSBS), at 37°C was used in this model as the inoculum for the experimental groups. Uninoculated control groups were incubated with medium only. Groups of human tooth specimes restored using composite, together with their respective controls, were exposed for 7 or 12 days to circulating cycles of TSBS (30 min each, 3 times per day) and a mineral wash solution (for a total of 22.5 h per day), at 37°C. The pH of the experimental groups dropped to 4.1–4.5 during the test periods. The pH of the control groups remained at 6.8–7.0. The inoculated bacteria remained viable throughout the study. No contamination of experimental or control samples occurred. Laser scanning confocal microscopy demonstrated the development of incipient surface and wall lesions in all the specimens of experimental groups in as few as 7 days. Reproducibility of the model was confirmed in a second investigation. Therefore, it was concluded that this model can be used for studying the microbial etiology and prevention of secondary caries.

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“…Consequently, quantification of the metabolic activity would provide a much greater degree of insight. The lamination zones [Palamara et al, 1986] apparent in some of the samples taken from the CF condition may have resulted from exposures of purely chemical source [Damato et al, 1990;Lippert et al, 2012] but within the dCDFF system, the environmental conditions are highly controlled [Pratten, 2005]. It is therefore more likely that these structures resulted from some deviation from the uninterrupted state of biofilm growth.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence of an in vitro Coupled Diffusion Mechanism of Lesion Formation within Microcosm Dental Plaque

Owens

Lynch²,

Hope³

et al. 2017

Caries Res

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The purpose of this study was to determine whether or not the dual constant-depth film fermenter (dCDFF) is able to produce caries-like enamel lesions and to ascertain further information regarding the performance of this fully functional biological caries model. Conditions were defined by the continuation (CF) or cessation (FF) of a saliva-type growth medium supply during 50-mM sucrose exposures (8 times daily). Hydroxyapatite (n = 3) and bovine enamel (n = 3) substrata were included within each condition and samples extracted after 2, 4, 8, and 16 days. Community profiles were generated for fastidious anaerobes, Lactobacillus spp., Streptococcus spp., mutans streptococci (MS), and Veillonella spp. using selective culture techniques and enamel demineralisation assessed by transverse microradiography. Results demonstrated that the dCDFF model is able to produce caries-like enamel lesions with a high degree of sensitivity where reduced ionic strength within the FF condition increased surface layer mineral deposition. Between conditions, biofilm communities did not differ significantly, although MS in the biofilms extracted from the FF condition rose to a higher proportion (by 1.5 log₁₀ units), and Veillonella spp. were initially greater within the CF condition (by 2.5 log₁₀ units), indicating an enhanced ability for the clearance of low-pK_a acids following exposures to sucrose. However, both conditions retained the ability for caries-like lesion formation.

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Laminated zones in carious human dental enamel

Cited by 13 publications

References 13 publications

Effects of Zinc and Fluoride on the Remineralisation of Artificial Carious Lesions under Simulated Plaque Fluid Conditions

Effects of Zinc and Fluoride on the Remineralisation of Artificial Carious Lesions under Simulated Plaque Fluid Conditions

An in vitro Microbial Model for Studying Secondary Caries Formation

Evidence of an in vitro Coupled Diffusion Mechanism of Lesion Formation within Microcosm Dental Plaque

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