Land tenure legislation in a pluri-cultural and multi-ethnic Society: The case of Bolivia

Assies, Willem

doi:10.1080/03066150601119975

Cited by 39 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…In Bolivia, these differences first emerged during the economic expansion of the colonial rule in the 16 th century, which triggered the massive dispossession of indigenous lands and the formation of large estates ( haciendas ), especially in the altiplano and valles . The colonial expansion introduced a pattern of regional differentiation in land tenure systems and social and political organization of indigenous settlements in the mineral‐rich altiplano and valles vis‐à‐vis the tieras bajas areas that remained on the fringe of the colonial economy until the late 18 th century (Assies, ). Indigenous political organizations that arose in subsequent years largely mirrored this regional differentiation, putting Aymaras and Quechuas at the forefront of resistance movements against land expropriation under colonial rule and the independent republic that succeeded it.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender Education Gaps among Indigenous and Non‐Indigenous Groups in Bolivia

Reimão¹,

Tas²

2017

Development and Change

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This article studies gender education gaps among indigenous and non‐indigenous groups in Bolivia. Using the National Census of Population and Housing 2012 and an estimation method analogous to difference‐in‐differences, the study finds that the intersection of gender and indigenous identity confers cumulative disadvantage for indigenous women in literacy, years of schooling and primary and secondary school completion. While gender education gaps have become narrower across generations, there remain significant differences within indigenous groups. The Aymara have the largest gender gap in all outcomes, despite having high overall attainment rates and mostly residing in urban centres with greater physical access to schools. The Quechua have relatively smaller gender gaps, but these are accompanied by lower attainment levels. The article discusses the possible sources of these differentials and highlights the importance of taking gender dynamics within each indigenous group into greater consideration.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender Education Gaps among Indigenous and Non‐Indigenous Groups in Bolivia

Reimão¹,

Tas²

2017

Development and Change

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“…On 2 June 2006, the President launched seven Decrees, which provided new guidelines on this 6 Overlapping titling affected between 30 percent and 60 percent of Bolivian national territory. Up to 60 percent of owners would have had questionable land titles as a result of overlap and irregularities in the procedures (Assies 2006). matter. Among the most important measures was the commitment to complete the cadastral study (saneamiento) of 2 to 4 million hectares of government-owned land for rural communities.…”

Section: Sixty Years Of Agrarian Reformmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The situation was exacerbated as well by the fact that the TCOs' titling process was generously funded by international cooperation agencies 12 (Assies 2006), while the budget for peasant land titling was lower and did not receive international aid.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Indigenous peoples vs peasant unions: land conflicts and rural movements in plurinational Bolivia

Fontana¹

2014

The Journal of Peasant Studies

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Agrarian reforms do not constitute linear processes: rather, they are based on the interconnection between the crystallization of land governance in formal tenure rules and the way societies organize around a set of identities and power mechanisms. This paper focuses on how the misinterpretation of this two-way relationship, in setting up a new normative framework, can generate unintended consequences in terms of conflict. The recent wave of land conflicts in Bolivia shows how changes in the allocation of strategic resources inspired by the so-called 'politics of recognition' triggered processes of political ethnicization and organizational fragmentation, eventually contributing to fuelling new tensions between indigenous groups and peasant unions.

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“…Latin America's territorial turn involves state recognition and titling of communal property rights for Afro‐descendent and Indigenous Peoples (Offen, ; Bryan, ), but demarcating boundaries is often merely one step in a long struggle for territorial rights. Saneamiento (clarification of legal land rights and land recovery) following titling is slow, complex and often complicated by prior agrarian reform policies (Assies, ; Alywin, ; González, ; Reyes‐García et al. , ).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…, ). Lack of political will and insufficient funds from state agencies are frequent obstacles and reliance on donors and international finance institutions, particularly the World Bank and the Inter‐American Development Bank, to finance saneamiento has been common (Assies, ; Anthias and Radcliffe, ; Lerch, ).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Territorial ‘Fix’? Tenure Insecurity in Titled Indigenous Territories

Finley-Brook

2016

Bull Latin American Res

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Indigenous territorial governments in Nicaragua's North Caribbean Coast Autonomous Region experience ongoing land and resource contests, in many cases building from longstanding disputes or problems, even after titling. I argue that it is naïve to expect that granting titles – a supposed territorial fix – will resolve conflicts created across decades as a result of ineffective policies and economic pressures. As shown with three demarcated Miskitu territories, tenure insecurity arises from challenges with the state, private firms, non‐indigenous colonists, and even from the activities of territorial leaders. These cases suggest the need to move beyond perceptions of Miskitu territories as simple bounded remnants of the past and acknowledge they are complex, porous, trans‐local, and transgressed by processes such as migration, urbanisation, and neoliberal economic integration. Indeed, new territorial governments are encouraged by foreign donors and state laws to mirror government agencies and prioritise market linkages.

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Land tenure legislation in a pluri-cultural and multi-ethnic Society: The case of Bolivia

Cited by 39 publications

References 8 publications

Gender Education Gaps among Indigenous and Non‐Indigenous Groups in Bolivia

Gender Education Gaps among Indigenous and Non‐Indigenous Groups in Bolivia

Indigenous peoples vs peasant unions: land conflicts and rural movements in plurinational Bolivia

Territorial ‘Fix’? Tenure Insecurity in Titled Indigenous Territories

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